docker(容器常用命令)
容器命令
镜像下载
#docker中下载centos
docker pull centos
docker run 镜像id #新建容器并启动
docker ps 列出所有运行的容器 docker container list
docker rm 容器id #删除指定容器
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker container list #h和docker ps相同新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image | docker container run [可选参数] image
#参书说明
--name="Name" #容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d #后台方式运行
-it #使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p #指定容器的端口 -p 8080(宿主机):8080(容器)
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P(大写) 随机指定端口
# 测试、启动并进入容器
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@241b5abce65e /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@241b5abce65e /]# exit #从容器退回主机
exit列出所有运行的容器
docker ps 命令 #列出当前正在运行的容器
-a, --all #列出当前正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行过的容器
-n=?, --last int #列出最近创建的?个容器 ?为1则只列出最近创建的一个容器,为2则列出2个
-q, --quiet #只列出容器的编号退出容器
exit #容器直接退出
ctrl +P +Q #容器不停止退出 ---注意：这个很有用的操作
mac电脑如下
control +p +q删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -rf
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器启动和停止
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器其他常用命令
后台启动命令
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker run -d centos
a8f922c255859622ac45ce3a535b7a0e8253329be4756ed6e32265d2dd2fac6c
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 问题docker ps. 发现centos 停止了
# 常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有要一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了查看日志
docker logs --help
Options:
--details Show extra details provided to logs
* -f, --follow Follow log output
--since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
* --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
* -t, --timestamps Show timestamps
--until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
➜ ~ docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 6666;sleep 1;done" #模拟日志
#显示日志
-tf #显示日志信息（一直更新）
--tail number #需要显示日志条数
docker logs -t --tail n 容器id #查看n行日志
docker logs -ft 容器id #跟着日志查看容器中进程信息ps
# 命令 docker top 容器id查看镜像的元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
#测试
➜ ~ docker inspect 55321bcae33d
[
{
"Id": "55321bcae33d15da8280bcac1d2bc1141d213bcc8f8e792edfd832ff61ae5066",
"Created": "2020-05-15T05:22:05.515909071Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo 6666;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 22973,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-05-15T05:22:06.165904633Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/55321bcae33d15da8280bcac1d2bc1141d213bcc8f8e792edfd832ff61ae5066/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/55321bcae33d15da8280bcac1d2bc1141d213bcc8f8e792edfd832ff61ae5066/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/55321bcae33d15da8280bcac1d2bc1141d213bcc8f8e792edfd832ff61ae5066/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/55321bcae33d15da8280bcac1d2bc1141d213bcc8f8e792edfd832ff61ae5066/55321bcae33d15da8280bcac1d2bc1141d213bcc8f8e792edfd832ff61ae5066-json.log",
"Name": "/bold_bell",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1f347949ba49c4dbee70cea9ff3af39a14e602bc8fac8331c46347bf6708757a-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5afcd8220c51854a847a36f52775b4ed0acb16fe6cfaec3bd2e5df59863835ba/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1f347949ba49c4dbee70cea9ff3af39a14e602bc8fac8331c46347bf6708757a/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1f347949ba49c4dbee70cea9ff3af39a14e602bc8fac8331c46347bf6708757a/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1f347949ba49c4dbee70cea9ff3af39a14e602bc8fac8331c46347bf6708757a/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "55321bcae33d",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo 6666;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200114",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS",
"org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-01-14 00:00:00-08:00",
"org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "GPL-2.0-only",
"org.opencontainers.image.title": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "63ed0c837f35c12453bae9661859f37a08541a0749afb86e881869bf6fd9031b",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/63ed0c837f35",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "b129d9a5a2cbb92722a2101244bd81a9e3d8af034e83f338c13790a1a94552a1",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "ad5ada6a106f5ba3dda9ce4bc1475a4bb593bf5f7fbead72196e66515e8ac36a",
"EndpointID": "b129d9a5a2cbb92722a2101244bd81a9e3d8af034e83f338c13790a1a94552a1",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]进入容器
我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置。
方式一
docker ps
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash方式二
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
#测试
docker attach 55321bcae33d
正在执行当前的代码...
区别
#docker exec #进入当前容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作。（常用）
#docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端从容器内拷贝到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 主机目的路径
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
56a5583b25b4 centos "/bin/bash" 7seconds ago Up 6 seconds
#1. 进入docker容器内部
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker exec -it 56a5583b25b4 /bin/bash
[root@55321bcae33d /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#新建一个文件
[root@55321bcae33d /]# echo "hello" > java.java
[root@55321bcae33d /]# cat hello.java
hello
[root@55321bcae33d /]# exit
exit
#hello.java拷贝到home文件加下
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z /]# docker cp 56a5583b25b4:/hello.java /home
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z /]# cd /home
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z home]# ls -l #可以看见java.java存在
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 19 22:09 haust.java
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 May 22 11:12 java.java
drwx------ 3 www www 4096 May 8 12:14 www
本文参与 腾讯云自媒体同步曝光计划，分享自作者个人站点/博客。
原始发表：2020-10-17，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除
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