JS开发必须知道的41个技巧【持续更新】

const arr1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 8 ,9],arr2 = [5, 6, 7, 8, 9];

const intersection = arr1.filter(function (val) { return arr2.indexOf(val) > -1 })
console.log(intersection) //[5, 8, 9]

const arr1 = [{ name: 'name1', id: 1 }, { name: 'name2', id: 2 }, { name: 'name3', id: 3 }, { name: 'name5', id: 5 }];
const arr2 = [{ name: 'name1', id: 1 }, { name: 'name2', id: 2 }, { name: 'name3', id: 3 }, { name: 'name4', id: 4 }, { name: 'name5', id: 5 }];
const result = arr2.filter(function (v) {
  return arr1.some(n => JSON.stringify(n) === JSON.stringify(v))
})
console.log(result); // [{ name: 'name1', id: 1 },{ name: 'name2', id: 2 },{ name: 'name3', id: 3 },{ name: 'name5', id: 5 }]

const arr1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9]
const arr2 = [5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
const result = arr1.concat(arr2.filter(v => !arr1.includes(v)))
console.log(result) //[1, 2, 3, 4,5, 8, 9]

const arr1 = [{ name: 'name1', id: 1 }, { name: 'name2', id: 2 }, { name: 'name3', id: 3 }];
const arr2 = [{ name: 'name1', id: 1 }, { name: 'name4', id: 4 }, { name: 'name5', id: 5 }];
let arr3 = arr1.concat(arr2);
let result = [];
let obj = [];
result = arr3.reduce(function (prev, cur, index, arr) {
  obj[cur.id] ? '' : obj[cur.id] = true && prev.push(cur);
  return prev;
}, []);
console.log(result); //[{ name: 'name1', id: 1 },{ name: 'name2', id: 2 },{ name: 'name3', id: 3 },{ name: 'name4', id: 4 },{ name: 'name5', id: 5 }]

const arr1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9]
const arr2 = [5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
const diff = arr1.filter(item => !new Set(arr2).has(item))
console.log(diff) //[ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

// 对象数组
let arr1 = [{ name: 'name1', id: 1 }, { name: 'name2', id: 2 }, { name: 'name3', id: 3 }];
let arr2 = [{ name: 'name1', id: 1 }, { name: 'name4', id: 4 }, { name: 'name5', id: 5 }];
let result = arr1.filter(function (v) {
  return arr2.every(n => JSON.stringify(n) !== JSON.stringify(v))
})
console.log(result); // [ { name: 'name2', id: 2 }, { name: 'name3', id: 3 } ]

const arr1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9]
const arr2 = [5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
const difference = Array.from(new Set(arr1.concat(arr2).filter(v => !new Set(arr1).has(v) || !new Set(arr2).has(v)))) 
console.log(difference) //[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 ]

let arr1 = [{ name: 'name1', id: 1 }, { name: 'name2', id: 2 }, { name: 'name3', id: 3 }];
let arr2 = [{ name: 'name1', id: 1 }, { name: 'name4', id: 4 }, { name: 'name5', id: 5 }];
let arr3 = arr1.concat(arr2);
let result = arr3.filter(function (v) {
  return arr1.every(n => JSON.stringify(n) !== JSON.stringify(v)) || arr2.every(n => JSON.stringify(n) !== JSON.stringify(v))
})
console.log(result); // [{ name: 'name2', id: 2 },{ name: 'name3', id: 3 },{ name: 'name4', id: 4 },{ name: 'name5', id: 5 }]

console.log(Array.from(new Set([1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4]))) //[1,2,3,4]
console.log([...new Set([1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4])]) //[1,2,3,4]

const arr = [{ name: 'name1', id: 1 }, { name: 'name2', id: 2 }, { name: 'name3', id: 3 }, { name: 'name1', id: 1 }, { name: 'name4', id: 4 }, { name: 'name5', id: 5 }];
const obj = [];
const result = arr.reduce(function (prev, cur, index, arr) {
  obj[cur.id] ? '' : obj[cur.id] = true && prev.push(cur);
  return prev;
}, []);
console.log(result) //[{ name: 'name1', id: 1 },{ name: 'name2', id: 2 },{ name: 'name3', id: 3 },{ name: 'name4', id: 4 },{ name: 'name5', id: 5 }]

console.log([1, 2, 3, 4].sort((a, b) => a - b)); // [1, 2,3,4] 升序
console.log([1, 2, 3, 4].sort((a, b) => b - a)); // [4,3,2,1] 降序

const arr1 = [{ name: "Rom", age: 12 }, { name: "Bob", age: 22 }].sort((a, b) => { return a.age - b.age })//升序
const arr2 = [{ name: "Rom", age: 12 }, { name: "Bob", age: 22 }].sort((a, b) => { return -a.age + b.age })//降序
console.log(arr1) // [{ name: 'Bob', age: 22 }, { name: 'Rom', age: 12 }]
console.log(arr2) // [ { name: 'Rom', age: 12 }, { name: 'Bob', age: 22 } ]

Math.max(...[1, 2, 3, 4]) //4
Math.max.apply(this, [1, 2, 3, 4]) //4
[1, 2, 3, 4].reduce((prev, cur, curIndex, arr) => {
   return Math.max(prev, cur);
}, 0) //4

const arr = [{ id: 1, name: 'jack' },{ id: 2, name: 'may' },{ id: 3, name: 'shawn' },{ id: 4, name: 'tony' }]
const arr1 = Math.max.apply(Math, arr.map(item => { return item.id }))
const arr2 = arr.sort((a, b) => { return b.id - a.id })[0].id
console.log(arr1) // 4
console.log(arr2) // 4

[1, 2, 3, 4].reduce(function (prev, cur) {
  return prev + cur;
}, 0) //10 

const sum = [{age:1},{age:2}].reduce(function (prev, cur) {
  return prev + cur.age;
}, 0) //3
console.log(sum)

const arr1 =[1, 2, 3, 4].concat([5, 6]) //[1,2,3,4,5,6]
const arr2 =[...[1, 2, 3, 4],...[4, 5]] //[1,2,3,4,5,6]
const arrA = [1, 2], arrB = [3, 4]
const arr3 =Array.prototype.push.apply(arrA, arrB)//arrA值为[1,2,3,4]

const arr4 = [{ age: 1 }].concat([{ age: 2 }])
const arr5 = [...[{ age: 1 }],...[{ age: 2 }]]
console.log(arr4) //[ { age: 1 }, { age: 2 } ]
console.log(arr5) // [ { age: 1 }, { age: 2 } ]

console.log([1, 2, 3].includes(4)) //false
console.log([1, 2, 3].indexOf(4)) //-1 如果存在换回索引
console.log([1, 2, 3].find((item) => item === 3)) //3 如果数组中无值返回undefined
console.log([1, 2, 3].findIndex((item) => item === 3)) //2 如果数组中无值返回-1

const flag = [{age:1},{age:2}].some(v=>JSON.stringify(v)===JSON.stringify({age:2}))
console.log(flag)

[1, 2, 3].every(item => { return item > 2 })

const arr = [{ age: 3 }, { age: 4 }, { age: 5 }]
arr.every(item => { return item.age > 2 }) // true

[1, 2, 3].some(item => { return item > 2 })

const arr = [{ age: 3 }, { age: 4 }, { age: 5 }]
arr.some(item => { return item.age < 4 }) // true

function sortNumber(a, b) {
  return a - b
}
const b = [1,2,3,7,5,6]
const a = ["1.5", "1.5", "1.40", "1.25", "1.1000", "1.1"];

console.log(a.sort(sortNumber)); // [ 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 ]
console.log(b.sort(sortNumber)); //[ '1.1000', '1.1', '1.25', '1.40', '1.5', '1.5' ]

//假定字符串的每节数都在5位以下
//去除数组空值||空格
if (!Array.prototype.trim) {
  Array.prototype.trim = function () {
    let arr = []; this.forEach(function (e) {
      if (e.match(/\S+/)) arr.push(e);
    })
    return arr;
  }
}

//提取数字部分
function toNum(a) {
  let d = a.toString();
  let c = d.split(/\D/).trim();
  let num_place = ["", "0", "00", "000", "0000"], r = num_place.reverse();
  for (let i = 0; i < c.length; i++) {
    let len = c[i].length;
    c[i] = r[len] + c[i];
  }
  let res = c.join('');
  return res;
}

//提取字符
function toChar(a) {
  let d = a.toString();
  let c = d.split(/\.|\d/).join('');
  return c;
}

function sortVersions(a, b) {

  let _a1 = toNum(a), _b1 = toNum(b);
  if (_a1 !== _b1) return _a1 - _b1;
  else {
    _a2 = toChar(a).charCodeAt(0).toString(16);
    _b2 = toChar(b).charCodeAt(0).toString(16);
    return _a2 - _b2;
  }
}

let arr1 = ["10", "5", "40", "25", "1000", "1"];
let arr2 = ["1.10", "1.5", "1.40", "1.25", "1.1000", "1.1"];
let arr3 = ["1.10c", "1.10b", "1.10C", "1.25", "1.1000", "1.10A"];
console.log(arr1.sort(sortVersions)) //[ '1', '5', '10', '25', '40', '1000' ]
console.log(arr2.sort(sortVersions)) //[ '1.1', '1.5', '1.10', '1.25', '1.40', '1.1000' ]
console.log(arr3.sort(sortVersions)) // [ '1.10A', '1.10C', '1.10b', '1.10c', '1.25', '1.1000' ]

Object.keys({ name: '张三', age: 14 }) //['name','age']
Object.values({ name: '张三', age: 14 }) //['张三',14]
Object.entries({ name: '张三', age: 14 }) //[[name,'张三'],[age,14]]
Object.fromEntries([name, '张三'], [age, 14]) //ES10的api,Chrome不支持 , firebox输出{name:'张三',age:14}

const arrName = ['张三', '李四', '王五']
const arrAge=['20','30','40']
const arrDec = ['描述1', '描述2', '描述3']
const obj = arrName.map((item,index)=>{
  return { name: item, age: arrAge[index],dec:arrDec[index]}
})

console.log(obj) // [{ name: '张三', age: '20', dec: '描述1' },{ name: '李四', age: '30', dec: '描述2' },{ name: '王五', age: '40', dec: '描述3' }]

const param1 = 1;
const param2 = 2;
[param1, param2] = [param2, param1]; // 相当于交换了数组位置
console.log(param1) // 2
console.log(param2) // 1

const flag = true;
const obj = {
    a: 0,
    [flag ? "c" : "d"]: 2
};
// obj => { a: 0, c: 2 }

const { name, age, ...obj } = { name: '张三', age: 13, dec: '描述1', info: '信息' }
console.log(name)  // 张三
console.log(age)  // 13
console.log(obj)  // {dec: '描述1', info: '信息' }

const { info:{ dec} } = { name: '张三', age: 13, info:{dec: '描述1', info: '信息' }}
console.log(dec) // 描述1

const { name:newName } = { name: '张三', age: 13 }
console.log(newName)  // 张三

const { dec='这是默认dec值' } = { name: '张三', age: 13 }
console.log(dec) //这是默认dec值

let obj = { name: '', age: '', sex: '' },
  defaultName = ["这是姓名默认值1", "这是年龄默认值1", "这是性别默认值1"];
Object.keys(obj).forEach(key => {
  Object.defineProperty(obj, key, { // 拦截整个object 对象，并通过get获取值，set设置值，vue 2.x的核心就是这个来监听
    get() {
      return defaultName;
    },
    set(value) {
      defaultName = value;
    }
  });
});

console.log(obj.name); // [ '这是姓名默认值1', '这是年龄默认值1', '这是性别默认值1' ]
console.log(obj.age); // [ '这是姓名默认值1', '这是年龄默认值1', '这是性别默认值1' ]
console.log(obj.sex); // [ '这是姓名默认值1', '这是年龄默认值1', '这是性别默认值1' ]
obj.name = "这是改变值1";
console.log(obj.name); // 这是改变值1
console.log(obj.age);  // 这是改变值1
console.log(obj.sex); // 这是改变值1

let objOne = {}, defaultNameOne = "这是默认值2";
Object.defineProperty(obj, 'name', {
  get() {
    return defaultNameOne;
  },
  set(value) {
    defaultNameOne = value;
  }
});
console.log(objOne.name); // undefined
objOne.name = "这是改变值2";
console.log(objOne.name); // 这是改变值2

let obj = { name: '', age: '', sex: '' }
let handler = {
  get(target, key, receiver) {
    console.log("get", key); 
    return Reflect.get(target, key, receiver);
  },
  set(target, key, value, receiver) {
    console.log("set", key, value); // set name 李四  // set age 24
    return Reflect.set(target, key, value, receiver);
  }
};
let proxy = new Proxy(obj, handler);
proxy.name = "李四";
proxy.age = 24;

const objDeepClone = obj => {
  return clone(obj)
}

const isType = (obj, type) => {
  if (typeof obj !== 'object') return false;
  // 判断数据类型的经典方法：
  const typeString = Object.prototype.toString.call(obj);
  let flag;
  switch (type) {
    case 'Array':
      flag = typeString === '[object Array]';
      break;
    case 'Date':
      flag = typeString === '[object Date]';
      break;
    case 'RegExp':
      flag = typeString === '[object RegExp]';
      break;
    default:
      flag = false;
  }
  return flag;
};

/**
* deep clone
* @param  {[type]} parent object 需要进行克隆的对象
* @return {[type]}        深克隆后的对象
*/
const clone = parent => {
  // 维护两个储存循环引用的数组
  const parents = []
  const children = []

  const _clone = parent => {
    if (parent === null) return null
    if (typeof parent !== 'object') return parent

    let child, proto

    if (isType(parent, 'Array')) {
      // 对数组做特殊处理
      child = []
    } else if (isType(parent, 'RegExp')) {
      // 对正则对象做特殊处理
      child = new RegExp(parent.source, getRegExp(parent))
      if (parent.lastIndex) child.lastIndex = parent.lastIndex
    } else if (isType(parent, 'Date')) {
      // 对Date对象做特殊处理
      child = new Date(parent.getTime())
    } else {
      // 处理对象原型
      proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(parent)
      // 利用Object.create切断原型链
      child = Object.create(proto)
    }

    // 处理循环引用
    const index = parents.indexOf(parent)

    if (index !== -1) {
      // 如果父数组存在本对象,说明之前已经被引用过,直接返回此对象
      return children[index]
    }
    parents.push(parent)
    children.push(child)

    for (const i in parent) {
      // 递归
      child[i] = _clone(parent[i])
    }

    return child
  }
  return _clone(parent)
}

console.log(objDeepClone({ 
  name: '张三', age: 23, 
  obj: { name: '李四', age: 46},
  arr:[1,2,3]
})) // { name: '张三', age: 23, obj: { name: '李四', age: 46 }, arr: [ 1, 2, 3 ] }

function deepCompare(x, y) {
  var i, l, leftChain, rightChain;

  function compare2Objects(x, y) {
    var p;

    // remember that NaN === NaN returns false
    // and isNaN(undefined) returns true
    if (isNaN(x) && isNaN(y) && typeof x === 'number' && typeof y === 'number') {
      return true;
    }

    // Compare primitives and functions.     
    // Check if both arguments link to the same object.
    // Especially useful on the step where we compare prototypes
    if (x === y) {
      return true;
    }

    // Works in case when functions are created in constructor.
    // Comparing dates is a common scenario. Another built-ins?
    // We can even handle functions passed across iframes
    if ((typeof x === 'function' && typeof y === 'function') ||
      (x instanceof Date && y instanceof Date) ||
      (x instanceof RegExp && y instanceof RegExp) ||
      (x instanceof String && y instanceof String) ||
      (x instanceof Number && y instanceof Number)) {
      return x.toString() === y.toString();
    }

    // At last checking prototypes as good as we can
    if (!(x instanceof Object && y instanceof Object)) {
      return false;
    }

    if (x.isPrototypeOf(y) || y.isPrototypeOf(x)) {
      return false;
    }

    if (x.constructor !== y.constructor) {
      return false;
    }

    if (x.prototype !== y.prototype) {
      return false;
    }

    // Check for infinitive linking loops
    if (leftChain.indexOf(x) > -1 || rightChain.indexOf(y) > -1) {
      return false;
    }

    // Quick checking of one object being a subset of another.
    // todo: cache the structure of arguments[0] for performance
    for (p in y) {
      if (y.hasOwnProperty(p) !== x.hasOwnProperty(p)) {
        return false;
      } else if (typeof y[p] !== typeof x[p]) {
        return false;
      }
    }

    for (p in x) {
      if (y.hasOwnProperty(p) !== x.hasOwnProperty(p)) {
        return false;
      } else if (typeof y[p] !== typeof x[p]) {
        return false;
      }

      switch (typeof (x[p])) {
        case 'object':
        case 'function':

          leftChain.push(x);
          rightChain.push(y);

          if (!compare2Objects(x[p], y[p])) {
            return false;
          }

          leftChain.pop();
          rightChain.pop();
          break;

        default:
          if (x[p] !== y[p]) {
            return false;
          }
          break;
      }
    }

    return true;
  }

  if (arguments.length < 1) {
    return true; 
  }

  for (i = 1, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {

    leftChain = []; //Todo: this can be cached
    rightChain = [];

    if (!compare2Objects(arguments[0], arguments[i])) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
}

const obj1 = { 
  name: '张三', age: 23, 
  obj: { name: '李四', age: 46 }, 
  arr: [1, 2, 3],
  date:new Date(23),
  reg: new RegExp('abc'),
  fun: ()=>{}
 }
const obj2 = { 
  name: '张三', age: 23, 
  obj: { name: '李四', age: 46 }, 
  arr: [1, 2, 3],
  date: new Date(23),
  reg: new RegExp('abc'),
  fun: ()=>{}
 }

console.log(deepCompare(obj1,obj2)) // true

'the Math object:' + Math.ceil(3.4)                // "the Math object:4"
'the JSON object:' + {name:'曹操'}              // "the JSON object:[object Object]"

2  * { valueOf: ()=>'4' }                // 8
'J' + { toString: ()=>'ava' }                // "Java"

'' + {toString:()=>'S',valueOf:()=>'J'}  //J

(()=>3)()  //3
(()=>(
   3
))()

const Func = function() {}(); // 常用

(function() {})(); // 常用
(function() {}()); // 常用
[function() {}()];

new function() {};
new function() {}();
void function() {}();
typeof function() {}();
delete function() {}();

+ function() {}();
- function() {}();
~ function() {}();
! function() {}();

Promise.reject('这是第二个 reject 值').then((data)=>{
  console.log(data)
}).catch(data=>{
  console.log(data) //这是第二个 reject 值
})

function* gen(x) {
  const y = yield x + 6;
  return y;
}

// yield 如果用在另外一个表达式中,要放在()里面
// 像上面如果是在=右边就不用加()
function* genOne(x) {
  const y = `这是第一个 yield 执行:${yield x + 1}`;
  return y;
}

const g = gen(1);
//执行 Generator 会返回一个Object,而不是像普通函数返回return 后面的值
g.next() // { value: 7, done: false }
//调用指针的 next 方法,会从函数的头部或上一次停下来的地方开始执行，直到遇到下一个 yield 表达式或return语句暂停,也就是执行yield 这一行
// 执行完成会返回一个 Object,
// value 就是执行 yield 后面的值,done 表示函数是否执行完毕
g.next() // { value: undefined, done: true }
// 因为最后一行 return y 被执行完成,所以done 为 true

function getSomething() {
    return "something";
}
async function testAsync() {
    return Promise.resolve("hello async");
}
async function test() {
    const v1 = await getSomething();
    const v2 = await testAsync();
    console.log(v1, v2); //something 和 hello async
}
test();

function reverseStr(str = "") {
  return str.split("").reduceRight((t, v) => t + v);
}

const str = "reduce123";
console.log(reverseStr(str)); // "123recuder"

function stringifyUrl(search = {}) {
  return Object.entries(search).reduce(
    (t, v) => `${t}${v[0]}=${encodeURIComponent(v[1])}&`,
    Object.keys(search).length ? "?" : ""
  ).replace(/&$/, "");
}

console.log(stringifyUrl({ age: 27, name: "YZW" })); // "?age=27&name=YZW"

function parseUrlSearch() {
  const search = '?age=25&name=TYJ'
  return search.replace(/(^\?)|(&$)/g, "").split("&").reduce((t, v) => {
    const [key, val] = v.split("=");
    t[key] = decodeURIComponent(val);
    return t;
  }, {});
}

console.log(parseUrlSearch()); // { age: "25", name: "TYJ" }

const val = 1 + ""; // 通过+ ''空字符串转化
console.log(val); // "1"
console.log(typeof val); // "string"

const val1 = String(1);
console.log(val1); // "1"
console.log(typeof val1); // "string"

function thousandNum(num = 0) {
  const str = (+num).toString().split(".");
  const int = nums => nums.split("").reverse().reduceRight((t, v, i) => t + (i % 3 ? v : `${v},`), "").replace(/^,|,$/g, "");
  const dec = nums => nums.split("").reduce((t, v, i) => t + ((i + 1) % 3 ? v : `${v},`), "").replace(/^,|,$/g, "");
  return str.length > 1 ? `${int(str[0])}.${dec(str[1])}` : int(str[0]);
}

thousandNum(1234); // "1,234"
thousandNum(1234.00); // "1,234"
thousandNum(0.1234); // "0.123,4"
console.log(thousandNum(1234.5678)); // "1,234.567,8"

'32' * 1            // 32
'ds' * 1            // NaN
null * 1            // 0
undefined * 1    // NaN
1  * { valueOf: ()=>'3' }        // 3

+ '123'            // 123
+ 'ds'               // NaN
+ ''                    // 0
+ null              // 0
+ undefined    // NaN
+ { valueOf: ()=>'3' }    // 3

Number.EPSILON=(function(){   //解决兼容性问题
    return Number.EPSILON?Number.EPSILON:Math.pow(2,-52);
})();
//上面是一个自调用函数，当JS文件刚加载到内存中，就会去判断并返回一个结果
function numbersequal(a,b){ 
    return Math.abs(a-b)<Number.EPSILON;
  }
//接下来再判断   
const a=0.1+0.2, b=0.3;
console.log(numbersequal(a,b)); //这里就为true了

~~7.5                // 7
Math.ceil(7.5)       // 8
Math.floor(7.5)      // 7


~~-7.5                // -7
Math.floor(-7.5)     // -8
Math.ceil(-7.5)      // -7

3.3 | 0         // 3
-3.9 | 0        // -3

parseInt(3.3)  // 3
parseInt(-3.3) // -3

// 四舍五入取整
Math.round(3.3) // 3
Math.round(-3.3) // 3

// 向上取整
Math.ceil(3.3) // 4
Math.ceil(-3.3) // -3

// 向下取整
Math.floor(3.3) // 3
Math.floor(-3.3) // -4

const num=5;
!!(num & 1) // true
!!(num % 2) // true

function dataTypeJudge(val, type) {
  const dataType = Object.prototype.toString.call(val).replace(/\[object (\w+)\]/, "$1").toLowerCase();
  return type ? dataType === type : dataType;
}
console.log(dataTypeJudge("young")); // "string"
console.log(dataTypeJudge(20190214)); // "number"
console.log(dataTypeJudge(true)); // "boolean"
console.log(dataTypeJudge([], "array")); // true
console.log(dataTypeJudge({}, "array")); // false

const compact = arr => arr.filter(Boolean)
compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3, 'a', 'e' * 23, NaN, 's', 34])  //[ 1, 2, 3, 'a', 's', 34 ]

const flag = false || true //true
// 某个值为假时可以给默认值
const arr = false || []

const flag1 = false || true //false
const flag2 = true || true //true

switch(a) {
  case '张三':
    return 'age是12'
  case '李四':
    return 'age是120'
}

// 使用对象替换后
const obj ={
  '张三': 'age12',
  '李四': 'age120',
}
console.log(obj['张三'])