39. 组合总和

输入: candidates = [2,3,6,7], target = 7,
所求解集为:
[
  [7],
  [2,2,3]
]

输入: candidates = [2,3,5], target = 8,
所求解集为:
[
  [2,2,2,2],
  [2,3,3],
  [3,5]
]

/*
 * @lc app=leetcode id=39 lang=javascript
 *
 * [39] Combination Sum
 *
 * https://leetcode.com/problems/combination-sum/description/
 *
 * algorithms
 * Medium (46.89%)
 * Total Accepted:    326.7K
 * Total Submissions: 684.2K
 * Testcase Example:  '[2,3,6,7]\n7'
 *
 * Given a set of candidate numbers (candidates) (without duplicates) and a
 * target number (target), find all unique combinations in candidates where the
 * candidate numbers sums to target.
 *
 * The same repeated number may be chosen from candidates unlimited number of
 * times.
 *
 * Note:
 *
 *
 * All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
 * The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.
 *
 *
 * Example 1:
 *
 *
 * Input: candidates = [2,3,6,7], target = 7,
 * A solution set is:
 * [
 * ⁠ [7],
 * ⁠ [2,2,3]
 * ]
 *
 *
 * Example 2:
 *
 *
 * Input: candidates = [2,3,5], target = 8,
 * A solution set is:
 * [
 * [2,2,2,2],
 * [2,3,3],
 * [3,5]
 * ]
 *
 */

function backtrack(list, tempList, nums, remain, start) {
  if (remain < 0) return;
  else if (remain === 0) return list.push([...tempList]);
  for (let i = start; i < nums.length; i++) {
    tempList.push(nums[i]);
    backtrack(list, tempList, nums, remain - nums[i], i); // 数字可以重复使用， i + 1代表不可以重复利用
    tempList.pop();
  }
}
/**
 * @param {number[]} candidates
 * @param {number} target
 * @return {number[][]}
 */
var combinationSum = function(candidates, target) {
  const list = [];
  backtrack(list, [], candidates.sort((a, b) => a - b), target, 0);
  return list;
};