登录添加验证码是一个非常常见的需求,网上也有非常成熟的解决方案,其实,要是自己自定义登录实现这个并不难,但是如果需要在SpringSecurity框架中实现这个功能,还得稍费一点功夫,本文就和小伙伴来分享下在SpringSecurity框架中如何添加验证码。
要有验证码,首先得先准备好验证码,本文采用Java自画的验证码,代码如下:
/**
* 生成验证码的工具类
*/
public class VerifyCode {
private int width = 100;// 生成验证码图片的宽度
private int height = 50;// 生成验证码图片的高度
private String[] fontNames = { "宋体", "楷体", "隶书", "微软雅黑" };
private Color bgColor = new Color(255, 255, 255);// 定义验证码图片的背景颜色为白色
private Random random = new Random();
private String codes = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
private String text;// 记录随机字符串
/**
* 获取一个随意颜色
*
* @return
*/
private Color randomColor() {
int red = random.nextInt(150);
int green = random.nextInt(150);
int blue = random.nextInt(150);
return new Color(red, green, blue);
}
/**
* 获取一个随机字体
*
* @return
*/
private Font randomFont() {
String name = fontNames[random.nextInt(fontNames.length)];
int style = random.nextInt(4);
int size = random.nextInt(5) + 24;
return new Font(name, style, size);
}
/**
* 获取一个随机字符
*
* @return
*/
private char randomChar() {
return codes.charAt(random.nextInt(codes.length()));
}
/**
* 创建一个空白的BufferedImage对象
*
* @return
*/
private BufferedImage createImage() {
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
g2.setColor(bgColor);// 设置验证码图片的背景颜色
g2.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
return image;
}
public BufferedImage getImage() {
BufferedImage image = createImage();
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
String s = randomChar() + "";
sb.append(s);
g2.setColor(randomColor());
g2.setFont(randomFont());
float x = i * width * 1.0f / 4;
g2.drawString(s, x, height - 15);
}
this.text = sb.toString();
drawLine(image);
return image;
}
/**
* 绘制干扰线
*
* @param image
*/
private void drawLine(BufferedImage image) {
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
int num = 5;
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
int x1 = random.nextInt(width);
int y1 = random.nextInt(height);
int x2 = random.nextInt(width);
int y2 = random.nextInt(height);
g2.setColor(randomColor());
g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1.5f));
g2.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
}
public String getText() {
return text;
}
public static void output(BufferedImage image, OutputStream out) throws IOException {
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", out);
}
}
这个工具类很常见,网上也有很多,就是画一个简单的验证码,通过流将验证码写到前端页面,提供验证码的Controller如下:
@RestController
public class VerifyCodeController {
@GetMapping("/vercode")
public void code(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
VerifyCode vc = new VerifyCode();
BufferedImage image = vc.getImage();
String text = vc.getText();
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.setAttribute("index_code", text);
VerifyCode.output(image, resp.getOutputStream());
}
}
这里创建了一个VerifyCode对象,将生成的验证码字符保存到session中,然后通过流将图片写到前端,img标签如下:
<img src="/vercode" alt="">
展示效果如下:
在登陆页展示验证码这个就不需要我多说了,接下来我们来看看如何自定义验证码处理器:
@Component
public class VerifyCodeFilter extends GenericFilterBean {
private String defaultFilterProcessUrl = "/doLogin";
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
if ("POST".equalsIgnoreCase(request.getMethod()) && defaultFilterProcessUrl.equals(request.getServletPath())) {
// 验证码验证
String requestCaptcha = request.getParameter("code");
String genCaptcha = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("index_code");
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(requestCaptcha))
throw new AuthenticationServiceException("验证码不能为空!");
if (!genCaptcha.toLowerCase().equals(requestCaptcha.toLowerCase())) {
throw new AuthenticationServiceException("验证码错误!");
}
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
自定义过滤器继承自GenericFilterBean,并实现其中的doFilter方法,在doFilter方法中,当请求方法是POST,并且请求地址是 /doLogin
时,获取参数中的code字段值,该字段保存了用户从前端页面传来的验证码,然后获取session中保存的验证码,如果用户没有传来验证码,则抛出验证码不能为空异常,如果用户传入了验证码,则判断验证码是否正确,如果不正确则抛出异常,否则执行 chain.doFilter(request,response);
使请求继续向下走。
最后在SpringSecurity的配置中,配置过滤器,如下:
@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
VerifyCodeFilter verifyCodeFilter;
...
...
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.addFilterBefore(verifyCodeFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole("admin")
...
...
.permitAll()
.and()
.csrf().disable();
}
}
这里只贴出了部分核心代码,即 http.addFilterBefore(verifyCodeFilter,UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
,如此之后,整个配置就算完成了。
接下来在登录中,就需要传入验证码了,如果不传或者传错,都会抛出异常,例如不传的话,抛出如下异常: