OKHttp
是目前 Android
平台主流的网络请求的基础框架。因此我们有必要对其源码进行阅读学习,了解其内部的原理、项目结构、以及请求的执行过程。
它的项目地址为:https://github.com/square/okhttp
先从一个简单的官方示例来看,这是一个同步 GET
请求
public class GetExample {
//1.http客户端
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
String run(String url) throws IOException {
//2.构造请求
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.build();
//3.执行请求,获取响应数据
try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
return response.body().string();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
GetExample example = new GetExample();
String response = example.run("https://raw.github.com/square/okhttp/master/README.md");
System.out.println(response);
}
}
可以看出这个 GET
请求操作是很简单的。有几个很重要的接口
OKHttpClient
: 它代表着 http
客户端Request
:它封装了请求对象,可以构造一个 http
请求对象Response
:封装了响应结果Call
: client.newCall
调用后生成一个请求执行对象 Call
,它封装了请求执行过程。这几个接口是程序员在使用 OKHttp
库中经常遇到的。
接下来将从这个示例开始阅读 OkHttp
的源码
跟进源码后发现这个方法是在 Call
中的接口
/**
* A call is a request that has been prepared for execution. A call can be canceled. As this object
* represents a single request/response pair (stream), it cannot be executed twice.
*/
public interface Call extends Cloneable {
//...
//同步执行请求
Response execute() throws IOException;
//将请求加入队列
void enqueue(Callback responseCallback);
//...
}
从源码注释知道, Call
是一个准备请求的执行对象,它可以被取消,代表一个 “请求/响应” 对,不能执行两次。
Call
的实现类是 RealCall
,因此 execute
方法
@Override public Response execute() throws IOException {
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
captureCallStackTrace();
eventListener.callStart(this);
try {
client.dispatcher().executed(this);
Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
if (result == null) throw new IOException("Canceled");
return result;
} catch (IOException e) {
eventListener.callFailed(this, e);
throw e;
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}
这个方法也不是很长,逻辑很简单:
executed=ture
,否则抛出异常callStart
okhttp
客户端调用 dispatcher
将执行请求对象getResponseWithInterceptorChain
方法获取到响应数据 Response
,这个方法很重要,后面会继续跟进callFailed
dispather
对象调用 finished
方法,完成请求这里的逻辑还是比较清晰的,出现两个重要的方法
dispatcher.execute
getResponseWithInterceptorChain
接下来分别看这两个方法
public final class Dispatcher {
/** Executes calls. Created lazily. */
private @Nullable ExecutorService executorService;
/** Ready async calls in the order they'll be run. */
private final Deque<AsyncCall> readyAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
/** Running asynchronous calls. Includes canceled calls that haven't finished yet. */
private final Deque<AsyncCall> runningAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
/** Running synchronous calls. Includes canceled calls that haven't finished yet. */
private final Deque<RealCall> runningSyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
//...
synchronized void enqueue(AsyncCall call) {
if (runningAsyncCalls.size() < maxRequests && runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) {
runningAsyncCalls.add(call);
executorService().execute(call);
} else {
readyAsyncCalls.add(call);
}
}
/** Used by {@code Call#execute} to signal it is in-flight. */
synchronized void executed(RealCall call) {
runningSyncCalls.add(call);
}
/** Used by {@code AsyncCall#run} to signal completion. */
void finished(AsyncCall call) {
finished(runningAsyncCalls, call, true);
}
/** Used by {@code Call#execute} to signal completion. */
void finished(RealCall call) {
finished(runningSyncCalls, call, false);
}
private <T> void finished(Deque<T> calls, T call, boolean promoteCalls) {
int runningCallsCount;
Runnable idleCallback;
synchronized (this) {
if (!calls.remove(call)) throw new AssertionError("Call wasn't in-flight!");
if (promoteCalls) promoteCalls();
runningCallsCount = runningCallsCount();
idleCallback = this.idleCallback;
}
if (runningCallsCount == 0 && idleCallback != null) {
idleCallback.run();
}
}
}
可以看出 Dispatcher
是一个调度器,它内部有一个线程池 executorService
,还有三个队列,分别代表同步请求进行队列、异步请求等待队列、异步请求执行队列。
我们发现调用 execute
方法时就是将 Call
对象加入到同步请求进行队列 runningSyncCalls
中,而调用 finished
方法则是将 Call
请求从队列中移除
现在在回到 RealCall
源码中,这个方法可以说是 OkHttp
最关键的部分了
Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
// Build a full stack of interceptors.
List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());//添加程序员自定义的的拦截器
interceptors.add(retryAndFollowUpInterceptor);//重试和重定向拦截器
interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));//处理cookie的拦截器
interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));//处理缓存的拦截器
interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));//负责连接的拦截器
if (!forWebSocket) {
interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());//添加程序员自定义的network拦截器
}
interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket));//调用服务拦截器
Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, null, null, null, 0,
originalRequest, this, eventListener, client.connectTimeoutMillis(),
client.readTimeoutMillis(), client.writeTimeoutMillis());
return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
}
在添加了一系列的拦截器之后,又构造了一个拦截器责任链,这个 RealInterceptorChain
包含了所有的拦截器对象。然后调用 chain.proceed
方法开始执行请求,这时就到了 RealInterceptorChain
这个类中。
@Override public Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException {
return proceed(request, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection);
}
public Response proceed(Request request, StreamAllocation streamAllocation, HttpCodec httpCodec,
RealConnection connection) throws IOException {
if (index >= interceptors.size()) throw new AssertionError();
calls++;
//省略无关代码...
//1. 执行拦截器责任链中的下一个拦截器
RealInterceptorChain next = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, streamAllocation, httpCodec,
connection, index + 1, request, call, eventListener, connectTimeout, readTimeout,
writeTimeout);
//2. 获取当前的拦截器
Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index);
//3. 执行拦截,并返回响应
Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);
//省略...
return response;
}
可以看到,在 proceed
方法,又构造了 RealInterceptorChain
并且调用了 interceptor.intercept
方法,
而这个方法中又会调用 next.proceed
方法,直至返回 response
。这个过程有点像递归调用。
拦截器,它是一个接口,内部还有一个 Chain
接口
public interface Interceptor {
Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException;
interface Chain {
Request request();
Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException;
/**
* Returns the connection the request will be executed on. This is only available in the chains
* of network interceptors; for application interceptors this is always null.
*/
@Nullable Connection connection();
Call call();
int connectTimeoutMillis();
Chain withConnectTimeout(int timeout, TimeUnit unit);
int readTimeoutMillis();
Chain withReadTimeout(int timeout, TimeUnit unit);
int writeTimeoutMillis();
Chain withWriteTimeout(int timeout, TimeUnit unit);
}
}
所有的拦截器都需要实现这个接口。
public final class AsynchronousGet {
private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
public void run() throws Exception {
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
.build();
//调用enqueue方法,并设置回调接口
client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
@Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
//这里获取到响应结果数据
}
});
}
然后我们再看 RealCall
中的 enqueue
方法
@Override public void enqueue(Callback responseCallback) {
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
captureCallStackTrace();
eventListener.callStart(this);
//最终执行了dispatcher的enqueue方法
client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));
}
其实是执行了 dispatcher
中的 enqueue
方法
synchronized void enqueue(AsyncCall call) {
if (runningAsyncCalls.size() < maxRequests && runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) {
runningAsyncCalls.add(call);
executorService().execute(call);
} else {
readyAsyncCalls.add(call);
}
}
在 dispatcher
中通过线程池来执行 AsyncCall
对象,因此跟进到 AsyncCall
中的 execute
方法
@Override protected void execute() {
boolean signalledCallback = false;
try {
//最终还是调用了getResponseWithInterceptorChain()!!!
Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
if (retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isCanceled()) {
signalledCallback = true;
responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
} else {
signalledCallback = true;
responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
if (signalledCallback) {
// Do not signal the callback twice!
Platform.get().log(INFO, "Callback failure for " + toLoggableString(), e);
} else {
eventListener.callFailed(RealCall.this, e);
responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, e);
}
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}
发现最终还是执行了 getResponseWithInterceptorChain
,因此不管是同步还是异步、最终的流程还是一样。
OKHttpClient
这是一个 http
客户端。构建很简单,可以使用无参构造函数。其内部是通过 Builder
对象进行构建的。也可以通过其内部静态类 Builder
来构建,然后通过 builder
设置 OkHttpClient
构造参数。
Request
请求对象。其内部也是使用 Builder
模式封装了构造的过程,通过 Builder
使用链式调用也是目前很多开源库中常见的模式。
Response
响应结果。客户端执行后返回响应结果,通过 Response
可以很方便的获取到响应数据。
Call
请求执行。可以执行同步或者异步的请求,分别将请求发送到 dispatcher
Dispatcher
调度器。其内部有一个线程池,并维护了三个队列:同步进行请求队列、异步请求等待队列、异步请求进行队列。
还有两个重要的方法 execute
和 enqueue
方法,分别代表同步、异步的方法。这两个方法的最终的执行流程都是一样的
Interceptor
拦截器。拦截器在 OKHttpClient
中使是用责任链模式来实现的。 Okhttp
中的关键的流程是通过拦截器责任链来完成的。