深入Go的Map使用和实现原理

length = len(array) = 4
hashkey1 = hash(xiaoming) = 4
index1  = hashkey1% length= 0
hashkey2 = hash(xiaoli) = 6
index2  = hashkey2% length= 2

//直接创建初始化一个mao
var mapInit = map[string]string {"xiaoli":"湖南", "xiaoliu":"天津"}
//声明一个map类型变量,
//map的key的类型是string，value的类型是string
var mapTemp map[string]string
//使用make函数初始化这个变量,并指定大小(也可以不指定)
mapTemp = make(map[string]string,10)
//存储key ，value
mapTemp["xiaoming"] = "北京"
mapTemp["xiaowang"]= "河北"
//根据key获取value,
//如果key存在，则ok是true，否则是flase
//v1用来接收key对应的value,当ok是false时，v1是nil
v1,ok := mapTemp["xiaoming"]
fmt.Println(ok,v1)
//当key=xiaowang存在时打印value
if v2,ok := mapTemp["xiaowang"]; ok{
    fmt.Println(v2)
}
//遍历map,打印key和value
for k,v := range mapTemp{
    fmt.Println(k,v)
}
//删除map中的key
delete(mapTemp,"xiaoming")
//获取map的大小
l := len(mapTemp)
fmt.Println(l)

//bucket结构体定义 b就是bucket
type bmap{
    // tophash generally contains the top byte of the hash value
    // for each key  in this bucket. If tophash[0] < minTopHash,
    // tophash[0] is a bucket               evacuation state instead.
    //翻译：top hash通常包含该bucket中每个键的hash值的高八位。
    如果tophash[0]小于mintophash，则tophash[0]为桶疏散状态    //bucketCnt 的初始值是8
    tophash [bucketCnt]uint8
    // Followed by bucketCnt keys and then bucketCnt values.
    // NOTE: packing all the keys together and then all the values together makes the    // code a bit more complicated than alternating key/value/key/value/... but it allows    // us to eliminate padding which would be needed for, e.g., map[int64]int8.// Followed by an overflow pointer.    //翻译：接下来是bucketcnt键，然后是bucketcnt值。
    注意：将所有键打包在一起，然后将所有值打包在一起，    使得代码比交替键/值/键/值/更复杂。但它允许//我们消除可能需要的填充，    例如map[int64]int8./后面跟一个溢出指针}

func mapassign(t *maptype, h *hmap, key unsafe.Pointer) unsafe.Pointer {
    //获取hash算法
    alg := t.key.alg
    //计算hash值
    hash := alg.hash(key, uintptr(h.hash0))
    //如果bucket数组一开始为空，则初始化
    if h.buckets == nil {
        h.buckets = newobject(t.bucket) // newarray(t.bucket, 1)
    }
again:
    // 定位存储在哪一个bucket中
    bucket := hash & bucketMask(h.B)
    //得到bucket的结构体
    b := (*bmap)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(h.buckets) +bucket*uintptr(t.bucketsize)))
    //获取高八位hash值
    top := tophash(hash)
    var inserti *uint8
    var insertk unsafe.Pointer
    var val unsafe.Pointer
bucketloop:
    //死循环
    for {
        //循环bucket中的tophash数组
        for i := uintptr(0); i < bucketCnt; i++ {
            //如果hash不相等
            if b.tophash[i] != top {
             //判断是否为空，为空则插入
                if isEmpty(b.tophash[i]) && inserti == nil {
                    inserti = &b.tophash[i]
                    insertk = add(unsafe.Pointer(b), dataOffset+i*uintptr(t.keysize))
                    val = add( unsafe.Pointer(b), 
                    dataOffset+bucketCnt*uintptr(t.keysize)+i*uintptr(t.valuesize) )
                }
              //插入成功，终止最外层循环
                if b.tophash[i] == emptyRest {
                    break bucketloop
                }
                continue
            }
            //到这里说明高八位hash一样，获取已存在的key
            k := add(unsafe.Pointer(b), dataOffset+i*uintptr(t.keysize))
            if t.indirectkey() {
                k = *((*unsafe.Pointer)(k))
            }
            //判断两个key是否相等，不相等就循环下一个
            if !alg.equal(key, k) {
                continue
            }
            // 如果相等则更新
            if t.needkeyupdate() {
                typedmemmove(t.key, k, key)
            }
            //获取已存在的value
            val = add(unsafe.Pointer(b), dataOffset+bucketCnt*uintptr(t.keysize)+i*uintptr(t.valuesize))
            goto done
        }
        //如果上一个bucket没能插入，则通过overflow获取链表上的下一个bucket
        ovf := b.overflow(t)
        if ovf == nil {
            break
        }
        b = ovf
    }

    if inserti == nil {
        // all current buckets are full, allocate a new one.
        newb := h.newoverflow(t, b)
        inserti = &newb.tophash[0]
        insertk = add(unsafe.Pointer(newb), dataOffset)
        val = add(insertk, bucketCnt*uintptr(t.keysize))
    }

    // store new key/value at insert position
    if t.indirectkey() {
        kmem := newobject(t.key)
        *(*unsafe.Pointer)(insertk) = kmem
        insertk = kmem
    }
    if t.indirectvalue() {
        vmem := newobject(t.elem)
        *(*unsafe.Pointer)(val) = vmem
    }
    typedmemmove(t.key, insertk, key)
    //将高八位hash值存储
    *inserti = top
    h.count++
    return val
}