大家好,我是 Vic
,今天给大家带来Android精通教程V
的概述,希望你们喜欢
封面
如果你想学习Android开发,那你就要了解Java编程,这是基础,也是重点,如果没学Java语法就先学习,再来学Android,别问可不可以先学Android,都告诉了,先学Java对吧!
Android开发主要了解这四种重要组件:
AndroidManifest.xml:是一个xml文件,描述了被构建的应用程序。 assets:文件夹是为了存放需要打包到应用程序的静态文件。 bin:文件夹是为了存放编译过后的应用程序。 gen:文件夹为了存放生成的源代码。 libs:文件夹是存放第三方包的jar文件。 src:文件夹是程序的Java源代码。 res:文件夹存放的是应用程序的资源。 在res文件夹中: res/drawable/:存放的是图像 res/layout/:存放是基于xml的文件。 res/menu/:存放的是基于xml的菜单文件。 res/raw/:存放的是通用的文件。 res/valuse/:存放的是字符串。 res/xml/:是通用的xml的文件。 在bin文件夹中: bin/classes/:存放的是编译后的Java类文件。 在AndroidManifest.xml文件中:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="cn.edu.gdmec.android.androidstudiodemo">
<!--原为android:theme="@style/AppTheme"-->
<!--去除ActionBar标题栏-->
<!--添加应用图标,app_icon-->
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/app_icon"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/Theme.AppCompat.NoActionBar">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<!--添加实现类-->
<activity android:name=".######"></activity>
</application>
</manifest>
了解一下build.gradle(app)
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 26
defaultConfig {
applicationId "cn.edu.gdmec.android.androidstudiodemo"
minSdkVersion 19
targetSdkVersion 26
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.1.0'
implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.1'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.1'
}
TextView:了解android:typeface
,android:textStyle
,android:textColor
.
EditText:编辑框android:autoText
,android:capitalize
,android:digitas
,android:singleLine
.
内边距:android:paddingLeft
,android:paddingRight
,android:paddingTop
,android:paddingBottom
RelativeLayout布局:android:layout_alignParentTop
,android:layout_alignParentBottom
,android:layout_alignParentLeft
,android:layout_alignParentRight
,android:layout_centerHorizontal
,android:layout_centerVertical
,android:centerHorizontal
,android:layout_centerInParent
.
android:layout_above
,android:layout_below
,android:layout_toLeftOf
,android:layout_toRightOf
,android:layout_alignTop
, android:layout_alignBottom
,android:layout_alignLeft
,android:layout_alignRight
,android:layout_alignBaseline
.
TableLayout布局:
android:stretchColumns
,android:shrinkColumns
,android:collapseColumns
.
//TableLayout
<TableLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:stretchColumns="1">
<TableRow>
<TextView
android:text="姓名:"/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/xm"
android:layout_span="3"/>
</TableRow>
<View
android:layout_height="2px"
android:background="#000000"/>
<TableRow>
<Button
android:id="@+id/xx"
android:layout_column="2"
android:text="消除"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/submit"
android:text="发送"/>
</TableRow>
</TableLayout>
Sting[] items={"h","j","k","a","s","d","b"};
new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,items);
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/selection"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
<ListView
android:id="@android:id/list"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:drawSelectiorOnTop="false"/>
</LinearLayout>
public class ListViewDemo extends ListActivity{
TextView selection;
String[] items={"a","b","c","d","e","f","g"};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,android.R.layout_simple_list_item_1,items));
selection= findViewById(R.id.selection);
}
public void onListItemClick(ListView parent,View v,int position,long id){
selection.setText(items[position]);
}
}
GridView:android:numColumns
,android:verticalSpacing
,android:horizontalSpacing
,android:columnWidth
,android:stretchMode
.
//适配器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/selection"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
<AutoCompleTextView
android:id="@+id/auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:completionThreshold="3"/>
</LinearLayout>
public class AutoCompleteDemo extends Activity implements TextWatcher{
TextView selection;
AutoCompleteTextView auto;
String[] items={"aaav","bbbv","cccv","dddv","eeev","fffv","gggv"};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
selection=findViewById(R.id.selection);
auto=findViewById(R.id.auto);
auto.addTextChangedListener(this);
auto.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,android.R.layout_simple_item_1,items));
}
public void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count){
selection.setText(auto.getText());
}
}
Gallery:android:spacing
,android:spinnerSelector
,android:drawSelectorOnTop
//适配器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://echema.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/icon"
android:layout_width="20px"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:paddingLeft="2px"
android:paddingRight="2px"
android:paddingTop="2px"
android:src="@drawable/image"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/label"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="20sp"/>
</LinearLayout>
public class Demo extends ListActivity{
TextView selection;
String[] items = { "aaaa","asdg","bsdes","slfl","wete","wetwd","sdfefs"};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.simple,R.id.label,items));
selection=findViewById(R.id.selection);
}
public void onListItemClick(ListView parent,View v,int position,long id){
selection.setText(items[position]);
}
}
//动态的列表
public class Demo extends ListActivity{
TextView selection;
String[] items = { "aaaa","asdg","bsdes","slfl","wete","wetwd","sdfefs"};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
setListAdapter(new IconAdapter());
selection=findViewById(R.id.selection);
}
public void onListItemClick(ListView parent,View v,int position,long id){
selection.setText(items[position]);
}
class IconAdapter extends ArrayAdapter {
IconAdapter(){
super(Demo.this,R.layout.simple,items);
}
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGrop parent){
LayoutInflater inflater=getLayoutInflater();
View simple = inflater.inflate(R.layout.simple,parent,false);
TextView label=simple.findViewById(R.id.simple);
label.setText(items[position]);
ImageView icon = simple.findViewById(R.id.icon);
icon.setImageResource(R.drawable.icon);
}
DatePicker
和DatePickerDialog
->DatePickerDialog
-->OnDateChangedListener
和OnDateSetListener
TimePicker
和TimePickerDialog
->TimePickerDialog
-->OnTimeChangedListener
和OnTimeSetListener
主要示例代码:
Calendar dateTime = Calendar.getInstance();
//日期
DatePickerDialog.OnDateSetListener d=new DatePickerDialog.OnDateSetListener(){
public void onDateSet(DatePicker view, int year, int monthOfYear, int dayOfMonth){
dateTime.set(Calendar.YEAR,year);
dateTime.set(Calendar.MONTH,monthOfYear);
dateTime.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH,dayOfMonth);
updateLabel();
}
};
//时间
TimePickerDialog.OnTimeSetListener t=new TimePickerDialog.OnTimeSetListener(){
public void onTimeSet(TimePicker view, int hourOfDay, int minute){
dateTime.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY,hourOfDay);
dateTime.set(Calender.MINUTE,minute);
updateLabel();
}
};
//日期的点击按钮
Button btn=findViewById(R.id.date);
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
public void onClick(View v){
new DatePickerDialog(Demo.this,d,dateTime.get(Calendar.YEAR),dateTime.get(Calendar.MONTH),dateTime.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH)).show();
}
});
//时间的点击按钮
Button btn=findViewById(R.id.time);
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
public void onClick(View v){
new TimePickerDialog(Demo.this,t,dateTime.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY),dateTime.get(Calendar.MINUTE),true).show();
}
});
//显示Calendar
dateTimetv.getTime();// dtl.format();
DigitalClock
或AnalogClock
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<AnalogClock
android:id="@+id/analogclock"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_alginParentTop="true"/>
<DigitalClock
android:id="@+id/digitalclock"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_below="@id/analogclock"/>
</RelativeLayout>
进度条可以是水平的,也可以是旋转轮,你可以用incrementProgressBy()来增加进度,也可以用setProgress()来增加进度。
进度条有很多样式,Android提供了这些:
android.widget.SeekBar 这个是ProgressBar的扩展,这个是可以滑动选择的进度形式。
用户可以通过 SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener来操作滑块的位置。
它的子类有:arrayadapter,baseadpter,cursoradapter,listadapter,simpleadapter,spinneradapter
android.webkit.WebView 这里的WebView是显示网页的视图,当我们要在WebView中加载网页的时候,,我们要在android manifest.xml中添加权限。
<uses-permission android:name = “android.permission.INTERNET” />
如何用代码,以下显示:
Uri uri = Uri.parse(url);
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(intent);
显示
WebView webview = new WebView(this);
setContentView(webview);
进行加载:
webview.loadUrl(url);
public void onClick(View view){
if(view==button1){
new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("Message").setMessage("ok").setNeutralButton("Close", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener(){
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int in){
}
}).show();
}
Android
&Java
知识点,有兴趣可以继续关注