python测试开发django-38.ManyToMany查询

上海-悠悠

发布于 2019-05-06 15:10:50

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发布于 2019-05-06 15:10:50

文章被收录于专栏：从零开始学自动化测试

前言

一个学生可以对应多个老师，一个老师也可以教多个学生，这就是一种多对多的关系

models建表

新建一个老师表Teacher，和一个学生表Student

class Teacher(models.Model):
'''老师表'''
teacher_name = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name="老师", default="")
tel = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name="电话", default="")
mail = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name="邮箱", default="")class Meta:
verbose_name = "老师"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.teacher_nameclass Student(models.Model):
'''学生表'''
student_id = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name="学号", default="")
name = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name="姓名", default="")
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄",  default="")
# 多对多
teachers = models.ManyToManyField(Teacher, verbose_name="老师")class Meta:
verbose_name = "学生"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_namedef __str__(self):
return self.name

之后执行 makemigrations 和migrate，同步数据

python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate

同步之后数据库里面会新增三张表：student、teacher、student_teachers

shell模式新增数据

为了调试方便，可以使用django的shell模式，对表的数据增删改查操作，打开cmd，cd到manage.py目录

python manage.py shell

多对多表的增加数据

>>> from hello.models import Teacher, Student
>>> t1=Teacher.objects.create(teacher_name='刘老师',tel='155300001111',mail='1000@qq.com')
>>> t1.save()
>>> t1
<Teacher: Teacher object (1)>
>>> t2=Teacher.objects.create(teacher_name='万老师',tel='155300001112',mail='1001@qq.com')
>>> t2.save()
>>> t2
<Teacher: Teacher object (2)>
>>> s1=Student.objects.create(student_id='11002200',name='张三',age=19)
>>> s1.save()# 方法一：添加id
# 可以添加Teacher对应的id
>>> s1.teachers.add(1)
# 也可以添加多个id，逗号隔开
>>> s1.teachers.add(1,2)
# 如果添加的是传一个可迭代对象(list或tupule),可以用*分开传入这种方法
>>> s1.teachers.add(*[1,2])# 方法二、直接添加对象
>>> s1.teachers.add(t1)
>>> s1.teachers.add(t2)
>>> s1.teachers.add(t1,t2)# 也可以先查询需要添加的对象
>>> ob=Teacher.objects.get(teacher_name='刘老师')
>>> ob
<Teacher: Teacher object (1)>
>>> s2=Student.objects.create(student_id='11002201',name='李四',age=19)
>>> s2.teachers.add(ob)

正向查询

通过student表对象，查询到对应的teacher

>>> from hello.models import Teacher, Student
>>> stu=Student.objects.filter(name='李四').first()
>>> stu
<Student: Student object (2)>
>>> stu.student_id
'11002201'# 正向查询
>>> stu.teachers.all()
<QuerySet [<Teacher: Teacher object (1)>]>>>> stu.teachers.all()[0].teacher_name
'刘老师'
>>> stu.teachers.all()[0].tel
'155300001111'

反向查询_set

通过老师名称，查询对应关联的学生，反向查询的时候在关联表名称后面加_set，如果设置related_name参数，就用related_name参数对应名称查询参考上一篇https://www.cnblogs.com/yoyoketang/p/10573218.html

>>> tea=Teacher.objects.filter(teacher_name='刘老师').first()
>>> tea
<Teacher: Teacher object (1)>
>>> tea.tel
'155300001111'# 反向查询
>>> tea.student_set.all()
<QuerySet [<Student: Student object (1)>, <Student: Student object (2)>]>
>>> tea.student_set.all()[0].name
'张三'
>>>

xamdin注册表

# adminx.py
import xadmin
from .models import Card, CardDetail, Teacher, Studentclass ControlTeacher(object):
# 显示的字段
list_display = ["teacher_name", "tel", "mail"]class ControlStudent(object):
# 显示的字段
list_display = ('student_id', 'name', 'age', '老师')# # 定义一个方法，遍历book的auth，然后用列表返回
def 老师(self, obj):
return [x.teacher_name for x in obj.teachers.all()]xadmin.site.register(Teacher, ControlTeacher)
xadmin.site.register(Student, ControlStudent)

xadmin后台显示效果