上面错误原因我想大家开发中都遇到过,大致错误原因是注入bean时,spring找到2个实例userServiceImplTest、userServiceImpl,无法确认到底使用哪个。问题出在这,原因是什么呢,在说明前,看下面的代码:
@RestController
public class OkController {
@Autowired
UserService userService;
@ResponseBody
@GetMapping(value = "/ok")
public String ok(){
UserInfoEntity userInfoEntity = userService.selectByTel("lioswang");
}
//此时项目中UserService的实现类只有UserServiceImpl
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
@Override
public UserInfoEntity selectByTel(String tel) {
return null;
}
}
在OkController中为什么可以直接注入接口,当项目启动时,调用了UserServiceImpl类中的selectByTel方法,由于在OkController中引用了UserService,所以锁定在OkController初始化时Spring到底干了些什么,根据之前源码分析的经验,在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory#doGetBean
方法中打上条件断点,首先看方法 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory#createBean
,调用了方法org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory#createBean,继续跟进方法 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#doCreateBean
, 再跟进去方法 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#populateBean
,继续跟进去 org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#postProcessPropertyValues
,在方法中找到OkController注入的元数据UserService,调用了 org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata#inject
,跟进去 org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.AutowiredFieldElement#inject
,继续跟 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#resolveDependency
,其中代码片段:
//获取接口的依赖
result = doResolveDependency(descriptor, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
调用了 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#doResolveDependency
,该方法的代码片段
Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, type, descriptor);
继续跟 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#findAutowireCandidates
,其中获取UserService所有的实现类:
//获取到UserService的实现类
String[] candidateNames = BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(this, requiredType, true, descriptor.isEager());
//获取到实现类后,并初始化,保存在Map<String, Object>
result.put(candidateName, getBean(candidateName));
再看 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#doResolveDependency
方法中代码片段:
Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, type, descriptor);
if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
if (descriptor.isRequired()) {
raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(type, "", descriptor);
}
return null;
}
//获取匹配到的bean数大于1时的逻辑处理
if (matchingBeans.size() > 1) {
String primaryBeanName = determineAutowireCandidate(matchingBeans, descriptor);
if (primaryBeanName == null) {
throw new NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException(type, matchingBeans.keySet());
}
if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
autowiredBeanNames.add(primaryBeanName);
}
return matchingBeans.get(primaryBeanName);
}
// We have exactly one match.
Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = matchingBeans.entrySet().iterator().next();
if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
autowiredBeanNames.add(entry.getKey());
}
return entry.getValue();
}
由于目前项目中UserService的实现类只有UserServiceImpl,所以最终获取到的只有一个。 再回到 org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.AutowiredFieldElement#inject
中,已经找到UserService的实现类,所以执行:
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
field.set(bean, value);
即把UserServiceImpl的实例设置到属性UserService中。 所以当再OkController中调用UserService的selectByTel方法,其实调用的是UserServiceImpl的selectByTel方法。
上面分析那么多,其实就是为了说明我们注入接口时,为什么会调用实现类的方法。为了报错,很简单,再写一个类实现UserService接口即可,OkController中不需要修改,其实由上面的分析知道,报错的就是上面的这段代码:
if (matchingBeans.size() > 1) {
String primaryBeanName = determineAutowireCandidate(matchingBeans, descriptor);
if (primaryBeanName == null) {
throw new NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException(type, matchingBeans.keySet());
}
if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
autowiredBeanNames.add(primaryBeanName);
}
return matchingBeans.get(primaryBeanName);
}
也就是在UserService的实现类中找到多个bean实例,这个明显是错误的,
如何解决这个问题呢,很简单:
@Autowired
@Qualifier("userServiceImpl")
UserService userService;
或
@Resource(name = "userServiceImpl")
UserService userService;
因为在 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#findAutowireCandidates
方法中的
for (String candidateName : candidateNames) {
if (!isSelfReference(beanName, candidateName) && isAutowireCandidate(candidateName, descriptor)) {
result.put(candidateName, getBean(candidateName));
}
}
会根据注解过滤bean,所以加上上面的注解后会解决错误,具体代码就不分析了,感兴趣的同学可打断点调试。
@RestController
public class OkController {
@Autowired
Map<String,UserService> userServiceMap;
@ResponseBody
@GetMapping(value = "/ok")
public String ok(){
...
}
若OkController中代码修改如上,项目启动后,发现没有报错,而且userServiceMap中有两个key-value元素,无疑是UserServiceImpl、UserServiceImplTest,我想原因不难看出, org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#findAutowireCandidates
返回了Map,其值和userServiceMap相同,不难看出spring功能非常强大。