CocoaAsyncSocket + Protobuf 处理粘包和拆包问题

tandaxia

发布于 2018-09-27 15:39:53

1.8K1

发布于 2018-09-27 15:39:53

文章被收录于专栏：谈补锅

在上一篇文章《iOS之ProtocolBuffer搭建和示例demo》分享环境的搭建, 我们和服务器进行IM通讯用了github有名的框架CocoaAsynSocket, 然后和服务器之间的数据媒介是ProtoBuf。然后后面在开发的过程中也碰到了拆包和粘包问题，这方面网上资料很少，曲折了一下才解决，这里分享一下问题的解决过程！

　　首先描述下碰到的问题：

　　1、服务器发送内容很长的数据过来的时候，GCDAsyncSocket监听收到的一个包解析不了，一直要接收好几个包拼接才是这条数据的完整包，即所谓的拆包/断包；

　　2、服务器快速发送多条数据过来，传到客户端这边的时候几条数据合成了一个包，即所谓的粘包。所以想解析这些粘在一起的数据，必须知道每条数据的长度，才能正确切割解析。

　　先上关键代码，解决读取每条数据的头部字节，根据头部字节读取这条数据的内容长度。这样才能完美的解决粘包问题。由于根据数据的长度不一样，导致头部字节占用的长度也会不一样，比如说我这里反复测试的结果头部占用字节一般为1和2，短内容数据头部占用字节长度为1，长内容数据头部占用字节长度为2。这里的代码参考了谷歌提供的Protobuf的objectivec版的源码。

/** 关键代码：获取data数据的内容长度和头部长度: index --> 头部占用长度 (头部占用长度1-4个字节) */
- (int32_t)getContentLength:(NSData *)data withHeadLength:(int32_t *)index{
    
    int8_t tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index];
    
    if (tmp >= 0) return tmp;
    
    int32_t result = tmp & 0x7f;
    if ((tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) >= 0) {
        result |= tmp << 7;
    } else {
        result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 7;
        if ((tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) >= 0) {
            result |= tmp << 14;
        } else {
            result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 14;
            if ((tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) >= 0) {
                result |= tmp << 21;
            } else {
                result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 21;
                result |= (tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) << 28;
                if (tmp < 0) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                        if ([self readRawByte:data headIndex:index] >= 0) {
                            return result;
                        }
                    }
                    
                    result = -1;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

/** 读取字节 */
- (int8_t)readRawByte:(NSData *)data headIndex:(int32_t *)index{
    
    if (*index >= data.length) return -1;
    
    *index = *index + 1;
    
    return ((int8_t *)data.bytes)[*index - 1];
}

解决了读取每条数据的头部占用字节，和内容的长度，粘包问题就好解决了。

再上比较完整的代码：从客户端监听服务器发送过来的数据到处理拆包和粘包问题，然后解析成自定义的protobuf模型类。

/** 监听来自服务器的消息代理方法 */
- (void)socket:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock didReadData:(NSData *)data withTag:(long)tag
{
    [self.receiveData appendData:data];
    
    //读取data的头部占用字节 和 从头部读取内容长度
    //验证结果：数据比较小时头部占用字节为1，数据比较大时头部占用字节为2
    int32_t headL = 0;
    int32_t contentL = [self getContentLength:self.receiveData withHeadLength:&headL];
    
    if (contentL < 1){
        [sock readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];
        return;
    }
    
    //拆包情况下：继续接收下一条消息，直至接收完这条消息所有的拆包，再解析
    if (headL + contentL > self.receiveData.length){
        [sock readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];
        return;
    }
    
    //当receiveData长度不小于第一条消息内容长度时，开始解析receiveData
    [self parseContentDataWithHeadLength:headL withContentLength:contentL];
    [sock readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:tag];
} 

#pragma mark - private methods  辅助方法
/** 解析二进制数据：NSData --> 自定义模型对象 */
- (void)parseContentDataWithHeadLength:(int32_t)headL withContentLength:(int32_t)contentL{
    
    NSRange range = NSMakeRange(0, headL + contentL);   //本次解析data的范围
    NSData *data = [self.receiveData subdataWithRange:range]; //本次解析的data
    
    GPBCodedInputStream *inputStream = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
    
    NSError *error;
    ChatMsg *obj = [ChatMsg parseDelimitedFromCodedInputStream:inputStream extensionRegistry:nil error:&error];
    
    if (!error){
        if (obj) [self saveReceiveInfo:obj];  //保存解析正确的模型对象
        [self.receiveData replaceBytesInRange:range withBytes:NULL length:0];  //移除已经解析过的data
    }
    
    if (self.receiveData.length < 1) return;
    
    //对于粘包情况下被合并的多条消息，循环递归直至解析完所有消息
    headL = 0;
    contentL = [self getContentLength:self.receiveData withHeadLength:&headL];
    if (headL + contentL > self.receiveData.length) return; //实际包不足解析，继续接收下一个包

    [self parseContentDataWithHeadLength:headL withContentLength:contentL]; //继续解析下一条
}

/** 获取data数据的内容长度和头部长度: index --> 头部占用长度 (头部占用长度1-4个字节) */
- (int32_t)getContentLength:(NSData *)data withHeadLength:(int32_t *)index{
    
    int8_t tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index];
    
    if (tmp >= 0) return tmp;
    
    int32_t result = tmp & 0x7f;
    if ((tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) >= 0) {
        result |= tmp << 7;
    } else {
        result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 7;
        if ((tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) >= 0) {
            result |= tmp << 14;
        } else {
            result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 14;
            if ((tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) >= 0) {
                result |= tmp << 21;
            } else {
                result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 21;
                result |= (tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) << 28;
                if (tmp < 0) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                        if ([self readRawByte:data headIndex:index] >= 0) {
                            return result;
                        }
                    }
                    
                    result = -1;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

/** 读取字节 */
- (int8_t)readRawByte:(NSData *)data headIndex:(int32_t *)index{
    
    if (*index >= data.length) return -1;
    
    *index = *index + 1;
    
    return ((int8_t *)data.bytes)[*index - 1];
}

/** 处理解析出来的信息 */
- (void)saveReceiveInfo:(ChatMsg *)obj{
    //...
}

--------------------- print log test start ---------------------

在GCDAsyncSocket监听服务器代理方法里面打印日志，查看下正常包、粘包、拆包的日志信息：

1、正常包的打印日志（服务器发送一条消息达到客户端只有一个包: 1 + 49 = 50 ）：

实际接收总包长度：50, 当前接收包长度：50, 读取头部占用长度: 1, 读取内容长度：49, 当前包字节：
<3108c901 122c0a0a 74363330 32303137 30361203 43636318 01220c64 656e6773 6f6e676e 616e782a 00300038 9af6ccd5 b72b>

2、粘包情况下的日志（发送的4条消息合到了一个包里：(1 + 49) * 4 = 200 ）：

实际接收总包长度：200, 当前接收包长度：200, 读取头部占用长度: 1, 读取内容长度：49, 当前包字节：
<3108c901 122c0a0a 74363330 32303137 30361203 46666618 01220c64 656e6773 6f6e676e 616e782a 00300038 f2cfccd5 b72b3108 c901122c 0a0a7436 33303230 31373036 12034767 67180122 0c64656e 67736f6e 676e616e 782a0030 003898d0 ccd5b72b 3108c901 122c0a0a 74363330 32303137 30361203 5a7a7a18 01220c64 656e6773 6f6e676e 616e782a 00300038 add0ccd5 b72b3108 c901122c 0a0a7436 33303230 31373036 12035878 78180122 0c64656e 67736f6e 676e616e 782a0030 0038c1d0 ccd5b72b>

3、拆包情况下的日志（发送一条内容较长的消息，最后到达客户端时被拆成了三个接收包: 4200 + 1400 + 292 = 2+5890 ）：

实际接收总包长度：4200, 当前接收包长度：4200, 读取头部占用长度: 2, 读取内容长度：5890, 当前包字节：
/*
* 提示：该行代码过长，系统自动注释不进行高亮。一键复制会移除系统注释 
* <822e08c9 0112fc2d 0a0a7436 33303230 31373036 12d22d50 e7acace4 b880e6ac a16f6e65 6f6e656f 6e65206f 6e656f6e 656f6d65 20e68891 e78eb0e5 9ca8e79c 9fe79a84 e99d9ee5 b8b8e684 9fe8b0a2 e68891e8 bf87e58e bbe79a84 e58aaae5 8a9befbc 8ce8a681 e698afe8 8bb1e8af ade4b88d e5a5bdef bc8ce688 91e58faf e883bde9 83bde581 9ae79a84 e697b6e5 8099efbc 8ce4b88d e8a18c7e 7e0a0ae8 bf99e5b0 b1e698af e4b88de6 8782e5be 97e4b893 efbc8ce6 b2a1e4bb 80e4b988 e68bbfe5 be97e587 bae6898b e79a84e6 a188e4be 8befbc8c e5ada6e4 bc9ae59c a8e4b880 e4b8aae9 a286e59f 9fe68a8a e4bb96e5 819ae588 b0e4bc98 e7a780ef bc8ce99d 9ee5b8b8 e79a84e5 85b3e994 aee38082 0a0ae4bd 86e698af e5be88e5 8fafe683 9cefbc8c e8bf99e4 b8aae7a4 bee4bc9a e69c89e5 be88e5a4 9ae599aa e99fb3ef bc8ce697 b6e4b88d e697b6e7 9a84e4b8 80e79bb4 e59ca8e5 b9b2e689 b0e79d80 e4bda07e 7e20e58c 85e68bac e68891e4 b99fe698 afe5958a efbc8ce6 8891e6af 8fe5a4a9 e68ea5e6 94b6e79a 84e4bfa1 e681afe5 a49fe5a4 9ae4ba86 e590a7ef bc8ce590 84e4b8aa e696b9e9 9da2e79a 84e4baba 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e68891e8 bf87e58e bbe79a84 e58aaae5 8a9befbc 8ce8a681 e698afe8 8bb1e8af ade4b88d e5a5bdef bc8ce688 91e58faf e883bde9 83bde581 9ae79a84 e697b6e5 8099efbc 8ce4b88d e8a18c7e 7e0a0ae8 bf99e5b0 b1e698af e4b88de6 8782e5be 97e4b893 efbc8ce6 b2a1e4bb 80e4b988 e68bbfe5 be97e587 bae6898b e79a84e6 a188e4be 8befbc8c e5ada6e4 bc9ae59c a8e4b880 e4b8aae9 a286e59f 9fe68a8a e4bb96e5 819ae588 b0e4bc98 e7a780ef bc8ce99d 9ee5b8b8 e79a84e5 85b3e994 aee38082 0a0ae4bd 86e698af e5be88e5 8fafe683 9cefbc8c e8bf99e4 b8aae7a4 bee4bc9a e69c89e5 be88e5a4 9ae599aa e99fb3ef bc8ce697 b6e4b88d e697b6e7 9a84e4b8 80e79bb4 e59ca8e5 b9b2e689 b0e79d80 e4bda07e 7e20e58c 85e68bac e68891e4 b99fe698 afe5958a efbc8ce6 8891e6af 8fe5a4a9 e68ea5e6 94b6e79a 84e4bfa1 e681afe5 a49fe5a4 9ae4ba86 e590a7ef bc8ce590 84e4b8aa e696b9e9 9da2e79a 84e4baba efbc8ce8 b584e6ba 90e280a6 2e2ee79c 9fe698af e69c89e5 be88e5a4 9ae69cba e4bc9aef bc8ce5be 88e5a49a e5a5bde9 a1b9e79b aeefbc8c e4bda0e8 afb4e5bf 83e58aa8 e4b88def bc9fe4bd a0e8afb4 e683b3e8 a681e4b8 8defbc9f 0a0ae5bd 93e784b6 7e7e0a0a e58fafe6 98afefbc 8ce5a682 e69e9ce6 8891e4bb 80e4b988 e983bde5 819aefbc 8ce69c80 e5908e50 e7acace4 b880e6ac a16f6e65 6f6e656f 6e65206f 6e656f6e 656f6d65 20e68891 e78eb0e5 9ca8e79c 9fe79a84 e99d9ee5 b8b8e684 9fe8b0a2 e68891e8 bf87e58e bbe79a84 e58aaae5 8a9befbc 8ce8a681 e698afe8 8bb1e8af ade4b88d e5a5bdef bc8ce688 91e58faf e883bde9 83bde581 9ae79a84 e697b6e5 8099efbc 8ce4b88d e8a18c7e 7e0a0ae8 bf99e5b0 b1e698af e4b88de6 8782e5be 97e4b893 efbc8ce6 b2a1e4bb 80e4b988 e68bbfe5 be97e587 bae6898b e79a84e6 a188e4be 8befbc8c e5ada6e4 bc9ae59c a8e4b880 e4b8aae9 a286e59f 9fe68a8a e4bb96e5 819ae588 b0e4bc98 e7a780ef bc8ce99d 9ee5b8b8 e79a84e5 85b3e994 aee38082 0a0ae4bd 86e698af e5be88e5 8fafe683 9cefbc8c e8bf99e4 b8aae7a4 bee4bc9a e69c89e5 be88e5a4 9ae599aa e99fb3ef bc8ce697 b6e4b88d e697b6e7 9a84e4b8 80e79bb4 e59ca8e5 b9b2e689 b0e79d80 e4bda07e 7e20e58c 85e68bac e68891e4 b99fe698 afe5958a efbc8ce6 8891e6af 8fe5a4a9 e68ea5e6 94b6e79a 84e4bfa1 e681afe5 a49fe5a4 9ae4ba86 e590a7ef bc8ce590 84e4b8aa e696b9e9 9da2e79a 84e4baba efbc8ce8 b584e6ba 90e280a6 2e2ee79c 9fe698af e69c89e5 be88e5a4 9ae69cba e4bc9aef bc8ce5be 88e5a49a e5a5bde9 a1b9e79b aeefbc8c e4bda0e8 afb4e5bf 83e58aa8 e4b88def bc9fe4bd a0e8afb4 e683b3e8 a681e4b8 8defbc9f 0a0ae5bd 93e784b6 7e7e0a0a e58fafe6 98afefbc 8ce5a682 e69e9ce6 8891e4bb 80e4b988 e983bde5 819aefbc 8ce69c80 e5908ee6 8891e882 afe5ae9a e593aae4 b880e6a0 b7e983bd e5819ae4 b88de5a5 bde38082 e59084e4 bd8defbc 8ce4bda0 e4bbace4 b880e5ae 9ae8a681 e79fa5e9 8193e887 aae5b7b1 e683b3e8 a681e4bb 80e4b988 efbc810a 0a0a0ae5 a4a7e5ad a6e982a3 e4bc9ae5 84bfefbc 8ce8b791 e6ada5ef bc8ce8af bbe4b9a6 efbc8ce9 94bbe782 bce68891 e5b0b1e5 b7b2e7bb 8fe99d9e e5b8b8e6 b885e6a5 9ae68891 e683b3e8 a681e79a 84e698af e4bb80e4 b988e6a0 b7e79a84 e8b7afef bc8ce99c 80e8a681 e9809ae8 bf87e4bb 80e4b988 e6a0b7e7 9a84e58a aae58a9b e58ebbe5 88b0e8be bee38082 e588b0e4 bb8ae5a4 a9e69bb4 e698afe5 a682e6ad a4efbc8c e5a5bde7 9a84e4ba bae7949f e79a84e5 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*/



实际接收总包长度：5600, 当前接收包长度：1400, 读取头部占用长度: 2, 读取内容长度：5890, 当前包字节：
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实际接收总包长度：5892, 当前接收包长度：292, 读取头部占用长度: 2, 读取内容长度：5890, 当前包字节：
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--------------------- print log test end ---------------------

示例demo下载地址：https://github.com/xiaotanit/Tan_ProtocolBuffer

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/tandaxia/p/6718695.html

p.p1 { margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 14.0px Menlo; color: #3c828b } span.s1 { }

本文参与腾讯云自媒体同步曝光计划，分享自作者个人站点/博客。

原始发表：2017-04-16 ，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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