我曾经使用 Interceptor
实现了一个简单网站Demo的登录拦截和Session处理工作,虽然能够实现相应的功能,但是无疑Spring Security提供的配置方法更加简单明确,能够更好的保护Web应用。
这里大家可以参考Spring Security的官方介绍文档:spring-security-architecture 简单的来说:
Filter
,其具体的类型是FilterChainProxy
,其是作为@Bean
在ApplicationContext
中配置的。AuthenticationManager
这个接口完成,其验证的主要方法是authenticate()
public interface AuthenticationManager {
Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)
throws AuthenticationException;
}
Authentication
(通常包含 authenticated=true
)AuthenticationException
null
AuthicationManager
的实现是ProviderManager
,它将其委托给AuthticationProvider
这个实例,AuthenticationProvider
和AuthenticationManager
有一点像,但是含有一些额外的方法,来允许调用者来查询是否支持该Authenticaion
形式。public interface AuthenticationProvider {
Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)
throws AuthenticationException;
boolean supports(Class<?> authentication);
}
supports()
方法中的Class<?>
参数是Class<? extends Authentication>
,它只会询问其是否支持传递给authenticate()
方法。
ProviderManager
通过委托一系列的AuthenticaitonProviders
,以此来支支持多个不同的认证机制,如果ProviderManager
无法识别一个特定的Authentication
实例类型,则会跳过它。AuthenticationManager
,通常他们共享父级,那么父级就成为了了一个"global"资源
,作为所有provider
的后背。
AuthenticationManagerBuiler
,它在内存(in-memory)、JDBC、LDAP或者个人定制的UserDetailService
这些领域都很擅长。注意:本后续代码以SpringBoot为框架实现,其DEMO Git: Spring-Security-Demo
方法 | 描述 |
---|---|
configure(WebSecurity) | 通过重载,配置Spring Security的Filter链 |
configure(HttpSecurity) | 通过重载,配置如何拦截器保护请求 |
configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder) | 通过重载,配置user-detail服务 |
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http
.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/index").hasAnyAuthority("ROLE_USER","ROLE_ADMIN")
.antMatchers("/oss").hasAuthority("ROLE_ADMIN")
.antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, "/login").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.formLogin()
.loginPage("/login")
.permitAll()//.successHandler(successHandler)
.and()
.logout()
.logoutSuccessUrl("/")
.permitAll();
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder())
.withUser("root").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("root")).roles("USER","ADMIN").and()
.withUser("normal").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("normal")).roles("USER");
//auth.authenticationProvider(userProvider);
//auth.authenticationProvider(afterProvider);
}
- 通过`antMatchers()`进行URL匹配,再进行相应的处理,比如见上代码,我们将**/index**和**/oss**两个链接进行了拦截,并分别要求拥有`ROLE_USER`或`ROLE_ADMIN`、`ROLE_ADMIN`这两个身份才能访问。
- `anyRequest().authenticated()`指其他请求都会需要验证
- `formLogin()`使其有了登录页面,如果没有后面的`loginPage()`,则会默认生成一个Spring Security的页面,而后面注释掉的`successHandler`则是后续会讲到的。
- `permitAll()`则表示当前连接不需要认证。
- `logout()`会拦截所以的**\logout**请求,完成登出操作,`logoutSuccessUrl()`则是登出后的重定向地址。
- `and()`在其中起连接作用。
Token
的设置等等,比如我现在打印一条登录信息,并将请求重定向到首页@Component
public class SuccessHandler implements AuthenticationSuccessHandler{
@Override
public void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println(authentication.getName()+" is loging , role is"+authentication.getAuthorities());
response.sendRedirect("/");
}
formLogin()
后,即:.formLogin()
.loginPage("/login")
.permitAll().successHandler(successHandler)
UserAuthProvider
,并让其实现AuthenticationProvider
接口:@Override
public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println("This is UserAuthProvider");
System.out.println("starting authenticate ... ...");
System.out.println("Credentials:"+authentication.getCredentials());
System.out.println("Name:"+authentication.getName());
System.out.println("Class:"+authentication.getClass());
System.out.println("Details:"+authentication.getDetails());
System.out.println("Principal:"+authentication.getPrincipal());
System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------------------------------");
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken auth=new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(authentication.getPrincipal(), authentication.getCredentials());
return auth;
}
@Override
public boolean supports(Class<?> authentication) {
System.out.println("This is UserAuthProvider");
System.out.println("starting supports");
System.out.println(authentication.getClass());
return false;
}
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
,将UserAuthProvider加入到AuthenticationManagerBuilder
中,即: @Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
// auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder())
// .withUser("root").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("root")).roles("USER","ADMIN").and()
// .withUser("normal").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("normal")).roles("USER");
auth.authenticationProvider(userProvider);
auth.authenticationProvider(afterProvider);
}
This is UserAuthProvider
starting supports
java.lang. Class
supports()
方法,永远返回false,而返回false时,即不会再调用authenticate()
进行认证操作(正如上面所介绍的),我们将supports()
的返回值变成true,再次登录(username: root password: 1234),则控制台会输出This is UserAuthProvider
starting supports
class java.lang.Class
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
This is UserAuthProvider
starting authenticate ... ...
Credentials:1234
Name:root
Class:class org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
Details:org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetails@166c8: RemoteIpAddress: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1; SessionId: node04v47liue6knt1oghnzgiqb9dx0
Principal:root
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
root is loging , role is[]
authenticate()
方法中直接声明了一个Authentication
的实例UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
,并返回了,正如上面所说,当返回Authentication
实例时,则默认为授权成功,而如果我们返回null
,则说明无法判断,不会登录成功。UserAfterProvider
,其也实现AuthenticationProvider
接口,并将UserAfterProvider
和UserAuthProvider
的authenticate()
返回值都设置为null
,我们再次使用上面的数据进行登录,控制台输出如下:This is UserAuthProvider
starting supports
class java.lang.Class
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
This is UserAuthProvider
starting authenticate ... ...
Credentials:1234
Name:root
Class:class org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
Details:org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetails@43458: RemoteIpAddress: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1; SessionId: node01m47f3t6xq5a470fu07jaipzb0
Principal:root
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
This is UserAfterProvider
starting supports
class java.lang.Class
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
This is UserAfterProvider
starting authenticate ... ...
Credentials:1234
Name:root
Class:class org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
Details:org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetails@43458: RemoteIpAddress: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1; SessionId: node01m47f3t6xq5a470fu07jaipzb0
Principal:root
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
AuthenticationManagerBuilder
的验证都会进行一遍,那么如果我们将其中一个Provider的authenticate()
返回值还原为Authentication
实例,再次登录,则控制台会输出如下结果:This is UserAuthProvider
starting supports
class java.lang.Class
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
This is UserAuthProvider
starting authenticate ... ...
Credentials:1234
Name:root
Class:class org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
Details:org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetails@166c8: RemoteIpAddress: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1; SessionId: node04v47liue6knt1oghnzgiqb9dx0
Principal:root
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
root is loging , role is[]
This is UserAuthProvider
starting supports
class java.lang.Class
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
This is UserAuthProvider
starting authenticate ... ...
Credentials:null
Name:root
Class:class org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
Details:org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetails@166c8: RemoteIpAddress: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1; SessionId: node04v47liue6knt1oghnzgiqb9dx0
Principal:root
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
AuthenticationSuccessHandler
,所以验证成功后悔重定向到/,而我Controller里对/又做了一次重定向到/index,所以发生了两次验证,而这次我们发现因为UserAuthProvider
通过了,所以UserAfterProvider
并没有进行验证,所以我们可以知道,只要有一个Provider通过了验证我们就可以认为通过了验证。AuthenticationProvider
来写入自己的一些认证逻辑,甚至可以@Autowire相关Service来辅助实现。我的博客即将搬运同步至腾讯云+社区,邀请大家一同入驻:https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/support-plan?invite_code=1353hw8jzy7ee