Routing是web服务中重要的组成部分,用于调度请求和返回.
Vapor的Routing提供了RouteBuilder和RouteCollection
其中RouteBuilder提供了基本的路由和路由集
我们先看看部分源码,看看到底能干些什么:
extension RouteBuilder {
public func add(_ method: HTTP.Method, _ path: String..., value: @escaping Routing.RouteHandler)
public func socket(_ segments: String..., handler: @escaping Routing.WebSocketRouteHandler)
public func all(_ segments: String..., handler: @escaping Routing.RouteHandler)
public func get(_ segments: String..., handler: @escaping Routing.RouteHandler)
public func post(_ segments: String..., handler: @escaping Routing.RouteHandler)
public func put(_ segments: String..., handler: @escaping Routing.RouteHandler)
public func patch(_ segments: String..., handler: @escaping Routing.RouteHandler)
public func delete(_ segments: String..., handler: @escaping Routing.RouteHandler)
public func options(_ segments: String..., handler: @escaping Routing.RouteHandler)
}
从源码可以看到基本的网络请求RouteBuilder都可以提供,包括HTTP请求 POST, GET, PUT, PATCH, DELETE,以及socket请求和all, add, patch, options
下面我来一一介绍他们的用法:
创建一个Routes+Test.swift的文件,并加入以下测试代码
import Vapor
extension Droplet {
func setupTestRoutes() throws {
post("testPost") { req in
return "testPost result"
}
get("testGet") { req in
return "testGet result"
}
put("testPut") { req in
return "testPut result"
}
patch("testPatch") { req in
return "testPatch result"
}
delete("testDelete") { req in
return "testDelete result"
}
options("testOptions") { req in
return "testOptions result"
}
}
}
接着在Droplet+Setup.swift里面加入try setupTestRoutes(),整体代码如下
@_exported import Vapor
extension Droplet {
public func setup() throws {
try setupRoutes()
try setupTestRoutes()
}
}
运行程序,就可以测试这些接口了,请注意,只有get请求才能直接在浏览器输入http://0.0.0.0:8080/textGet 输出 testGet result
对于其他接口可以通过接口测试工具来测试,这里我推荐使用cocoa rest client
可以很快测试接口并查看返回的结果
cocoa rest client界面
参数有两种写法:
一种是 :类型.parameter
另一种是: :参数名称
我们写一个测试的请求:
get("age", Int.parameter) { req in
let age = try req.parameters.next(Int.self)
return "Age is \(age)"
}
get("call", ":name") { req in
guard let name = req.parameters["name"]?.string else {
throw Abort.badRequest
}
return "You requested User #\(name)"
}
那么
请求 http://0.0.0.0:8080/age/18 则会返回 Age is 18
请求http://0.0.0.0:8080/call/Leakey则会返回**Calling Leakey**
如果参数是一个对象,则需要对象适配Parameterizable协议
Parameterizable的源码如下:
public protocol Parameterizable {
/// the unique key to use as a slug in route building
static var uniqueSlug: String { get }
// returns the found model for the resolved url parameter
static func make(for parameter: String) throws -> Self
}
我们可以写一个User对象:
extension Type: Parameterizable {
static var uniqueSlug: String {
return "type"
}
static func make(for parameter: String) throws -> Type {
}
}
那么请求中就可以将Type作为参数了
drop.get("users", "nickname", Type.parameter) { req in
let foo = try req.parameters.next(Type.self)
...
}
看看路由集的源码
extension RouteBuilder {
/// Group all subsequent routes built with this builder
/// under this specified host
///
/// the last host in the chain will take precedence, for example:
///
/// if using:
/// grouped(host: "0.0.0.0").grouped(host: "196.08.0.1")
///
/// will bind subsequent additions to '196.08.0.1'
public func grouped(host: String) -> RouteBuilder
/// Group all subsequent routes behind a specified path prefix
/// use `,` separated list or `/` separated string
/// for example, the following are all equal
///
/// "a/path/to/foo"
/// "a", "path", "to", "foo"
/// "a/path", "to/foo"
public func grouped(_ path: String...) -> RouteBuilder
/// - see grouped(_ path: String...)
public func grouped(_ path: [String]) -> RouteBuilder
/// Group all subsequent routes to pass through specified middleware
/// use `,` separated list for multiple middleware
public func grouped(_ middleware: Middleware...) -> RouteBuilder
/// - see grouped(middleware: Middleware...)
public func grouped(_ middleware: [Middleware]) -> RouteBuilder
}
extension RouteBuilder {
/// Closure based variant of grouped(host: String)
public func group(host: String, handler: (RouteBuilder) -> ())
/// Closure based variant of grouped(_ path: String...)
public func group(_ path: String..., handler: (RouteBuilder) -> ())
/// Closure based variant of grouped(_ path: [String])
public func group(path: [String], handler: (RouteBuilder) -> ())
/// Closure based variant of grouped(middleware: Middleware...)
public func group(_ middleware: Middleware..., handler: (RouteBuilder) -> ())
/// Closure based variant of grouped(middleware: [Middleware])
public func group(middleware: [Middleware], handler: (RouteBuilder) -> ())
}
可以看到路由组包含一系列名为grouped和名为group的方法
那么,group有什么作用呢?
官方文档给出的解释是:
Grouping routes together makes it easy to add common prefixes, middleware, or hosts to multiple routes.
这里我详细解释一下,路由集的作用是将许多的路由集合在一起,比如统一前缀的不同请求集合在一起,中间件的集合,以及主机的集合。
同前面一样,我添加了一个测试方法
func setupGroupRoutes() throws {
group("testGroup") { testGroup in
testGroup.post("testGroup_post") { request in
return "testGroup testGroup_post result"
}
testGroup.get("testGroup_get") { request in
return "testGroup testGroup_get result"
}
testGroup.put("testGroup_put") { req in
return "testGroup testGroup_put result"
}
testGroup.patch("testGroup_patch") { req in
return "testGroup testGroup_patch result"
}
testGroup.delete("testGroup_delete") { req in
return "testGroup testGroup_delete result"
}
testGroup.options("testGroup_options") { req in
return "testGroup testGroup_options result"
}
}
}
接着在Droplet+Setup.swift里面加入try setupGroupRoutes(),整体代码如下
@_exported import Vapor
extension Droplet {
public func setup() throws {
try setupRoutes()
try setupTestRoutes()
try setupGroupRoutes()
}
}
对group的测试
这里的group和java的spring的package有些类似。
上面我们创建了名为testGroup的group,要获得这个group的RouteBuilder,就可以用grouped方法了,这样就可以继续给group增加子请求了。
如下面的代码:
let testGroup = grouped("testGroup")
testGroup.get("extra") { request in
return "testGroup extra result"
}
中间件的请求集,官方给出的例子是auth,引入AuthProvider到项目即可使用auth中间件
drop.group(AuthMiddleware()) { authorized in
authorized.get("token") { request in
// has been authorized
}
}
这个例子告诉我们,我们可以使用中间件来处理请求,如使用auth中间件来校验token,验证数据等。
drop.group(host: "vapor.codes") { vapor in
vapor.get { request in
// only responds to requests to vapor.codes
}
}
drop.grouped(host: "vapor.codes").grouped(AuthMiddleware()).group("v1") { authedSecureV1 in
// add routes here
}
RouteCollection是一个协议, 代码很简单,只有一个方法需要实现:
public protocol RouteCollection {
func build(_ builder: RouteBuilder) throws
}
如果对上面的group已经理解的同学这里就不难理解了,这里提供了一个RouteBuilder,可以通过这个builder获得group,并增加新的请求到group中,下面是我的demo:
class TestCollection: RouteCollection {
func build(_ builder: RouteBuilder) throws {
let testGroup = builder.grouped("testGroup")
testGroup.get("anotherExtra") { req in
return "testGroup extra result"
}
}
}
需要在Droplet+Setup.swift中添加这个collection的实例才能有效
@_exported import Vapor
extension Droplet {
public func setup() throws {
try setupRoutes()
try setupTestRoutes()
try setupGroupRoutes()
let testCollection = TestCollection()
try collection(testCollection)
}
}
如果collection同时实现了RouteCollection 和 EmptyInitializable协议,并添加了空的init方法,就可以用XXXCollection.self添加到droplet中了,我们可以改造一下前面的demo:
class TestCollection: RouteCollection, EmptyInitializable {
required init() {
}
func build(_ builder: RouteBuilder) throws {
let testGroup = builder.grouped("testGroup")
testGroup.get("anotherExtra") { req in
return "testGroup extra result"
}
}
}
Droplet+Setup.swift
@_exported import Vapor
extension Droplet {
public func setup() throws {
try setupRoutes()
try setupTestRoutes()
try setupGroupRoutes()
try collection(TestCollection.self)
}
}
代码是不是又简洁了许多?
路由的基本使用就介绍到这里,如果有遗漏或者不清楚的地方请提醒我补充,希望能对你有所帮助。
关于Vapor其他知识,可以参考以下文章:
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