题目:请完成一个函数,输入一个二叉树,该函数输出它的镜像。例如下图所示,左图是原二叉树,而右图则是该二叉树的镜像。
该二叉树节点的定义如下,采用C#语言描述:
public class BinaryTreeNode
{
public int Data { get; set; }
public BinaryTreeNode leftChild { get; set; }
public BinaryTreeNode rightChild { get; set; }
public BinaryTreeNode(int data)
{
this.Data = data;
}
public BinaryTreeNode(int data, BinaryTreeNode left, BinaryTreeNode right)
{
this.Data = data;
this.leftChild = left;
this.rightChild = right;
}
}
Step1.先序遍历原二叉树的每个节点,如果遍历到的结点有子结点,就交换它的两个子结点。
Step2.递归遍历每个节点的子节点,同样,如果遍历到的子节点有子节点,就交换它的两个子节点。
当交换完所有非叶子结点的左右子结点之后,就得到了树的镜像。下图展示了求二叉树的镜像的过程:
(1)递归版实现
public static void SetMirrorRecursively(BinaryTreeNode root)
{
if (root == null || (root.leftChild == null && root.rightChild == null))
{
return;
}
BinaryTreeNode tempNode = root.leftChild;
root.leftChild = root.rightChild;
root.rightChild = tempNode;
if (root.leftChild != null)
{
// 递归调整左子树为镜像
SetMirrorRecursively(root.leftChild);
}
if (root.rightChild != null)
{
// 递归调整右子树为镜像
SetMirrorRecursively(root.rightChild);
}
}
(2)循环版实现
public static void SetMirrorIteratively(BinaryTreeNode root)
{
if (root == null)
{
return;
}
Stack<BinaryTreeNode> stack = new Stack<BinaryTreeNode>();
stack.Push(root);
while (stack.Count > 0)
{
BinaryTreeNode node = stack.Pop();
BinaryTreeNode temp = node.leftChild;
node.leftChild = node.rightChild;
node.rightChild = temp;
if (node.leftChild != null)
{
stack.Push(node.leftChild);
}
if (node.rightChild != null)
{
stack.Push(node.rightChild);
}
}
}
为了便于测试,封装了两个辅助方法,设置孩子节点和生成层次遍历的字符串:
/// <summary>
/// 辅助方法:设置root的lChild与rChild
/// </summary>
public void SetSubTreeNode(BinaryTreeNode root, BinaryTreeNode lChild, BinaryTreeNode rChild)
{
if (root == null)
{
return;
}
root.leftChild = lChild;
root.rightChild = rChild;
}
/// <summary>
/// 辅助方法:生成二叉树元素的字符串用于对比
/// </summary>
public string GetNodeString(BinaryTreeNode root)
{
if (root == null)
{
return null;
}
StringBuilder sbResult = new StringBuilder();
Queue<BinaryTreeNode> queueNodes = new Queue<BinaryTreeNode>();
queueNodes.Enqueue(root);
BinaryTreeNode tempNode = null;
// 利用队列先进先出的特性存储节点并输出
while (queueNodes.Count > 0)
{
tempNode = queueNodes.Dequeue();
sbResult.Append(tempNode.Data);
if (tempNode.leftChild != null)
{
queueNodes.Enqueue(tempNode.leftChild);
}
if (tempNode.rightChild != null)
{
queueNodes.Enqueue(tempNode.rightChild);
}
}
return sbResult.ToString();
}
// 01.测试完全二叉树:除了叶子节点,其他节点都有两个子节点
// 8
// 6 10
// 5 7 9 11
[TestMethod]
public void MirrorTest1()
{
BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(8);
BinaryTreeNode node2 = new BinaryTreeNode(6);
BinaryTreeNode node3 = new BinaryTreeNode(10);
BinaryTreeNode node4 = new BinaryTreeNode(5);
BinaryTreeNode node5 = new BinaryTreeNode(7);
BinaryTreeNode node6 = new BinaryTreeNode(9);
BinaryTreeNode node7 = new BinaryTreeNode(11);
SetSubTreeNode(node1, node2, node3);
SetSubTreeNode(node2, node4, node5);
SetSubTreeNode(node3, node6, node7);
BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
Assert.AreEqual(completed,"810611975");
}
// 02.测试二叉树:出叶子结点之外,左右的结点都有且只有一个左子结点
// 8
// 7
// 6
// 5
// 4
[TestMethod]
public void MirrorTest2()
{
BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(8);
BinaryTreeNode node2 = new BinaryTreeNode(7);
BinaryTreeNode node3 = new BinaryTreeNode(6);
BinaryTreeNode node4 = new BinaryTreeNode(5);
BinaryTreeNode node5 = new BinaryTreeNode(4);
node1.leftChild = node2;
node2.leftChild = node3;
node3.leftChild = node4;
node4.leftChild = node5;
BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
Assert.AreEqual(completed, "87654");
}
// 03.测试二叉树:出叶子结点之外,左右的结点都有且只有一个右子结点
// 8
// 7
// 6
// 5
// 4
[TestMethod]
public void MirrorTest3()
{
BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(8);
BinaryTreeNode node2 = new BinaryTreeNode(7);
BinaryTreeNode node3 = new BinaryTreeNode(6);
BinaryTreeNode node4 = new BinaryTreeNode(5);
BinaryTreeNode node5 = new BinaryTreeNode(4);
node1.rightChild = node2;
node2.rightChild = node3;
node3.rightChild = node4;
node4.rightChild = node5;
BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
Assert.AreEqual(completed, "87654");
}
// 04.测试只有一个结点的二叉树
// 8
[TestMethod]
public void MirrorTest4()
{
BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(8);
BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
Assert.AreEqual(completed, "8");
}
// 05.测试空二叉树:根结点为空指针
[TestMethod]
public void MirrorTest5()
{
BinaryTreeNode node1 = null;
BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
Assert.AreEqual(completed, null);
}
(1)测试通过情况
(2)代码覆盖率
作者:周旭龙
出处:http://edisonchou.cnblogs.com
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