原 透过pageinspect了解Post

[postgres@localhost bin]$ ./psql 
psql (9.4.5)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# create table mvcc(id int);
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# insert into mvcc values (1),(2);
INSERT 0 2

postgres=# select * from page_header(get_raw_page('mvcc', 'main', 0));
    lsn    | checksum | flags | lower | upper | special | pagesize | version | p
rune_xid 
-----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+----------+---------+--
---------
 0/300F4D8 |        0 |     0 |    32 |  8128 |    8192 |     8192 |       4 |  
       0
(1 row)

typedef struct PageHeaderData
{
	/* XXX LSN is member of *any* block, not only page-organized ones */
	PageXLogRecPtr pd_lsn;		/* LSN: next byte after last byte of xlog
								 * record for last change to this page */
	uint16		pd_checksum;	/* checksum */
	uint16		pd_flags;		/* flag bits, see below */
	LocationIndex pd_lower;		/* offset to start of free space */
	LocationIndex pd_upper;		/* offset to end of free space */
	LocationIndex pd_special;	/* offset to start of special space */
	uint16		pd_pagesize_version;
	TransactionId pd_prune_xid; /* oldest prunable XID, or zero if none */
	ItemIdData	pd_linp[1];		/* beginning of line pointer array */
} PageHeaderData;

#define PD_HAS_FREE_LINES	0x0001		/* are there any unused line pointers? */
#define PD_PAGE_FULL		0x0002		/* not enough free space for new
										 * tuple? */
#define PD_ALL_VISIBLE		0x0004		/* all tuples on page are visible to
										 * everyone */

#define PD_VALID_FLAG_BITS	0x0007		/* OR of all valid pd_flags bits */

/*
 * Page layout version number 0 is for pre-7.3 Postgres releases.
 * Releases 7.3 and 7.4 use 1, denoting a new HeapTupleHeader layout.
 * Release 8.0 uses 2; it changed the HeapTupleHeader layout again.
 * Release 8.1 uses 3; it redefined HeapTupleHeader infomask bits.
 * Release 8.3 uses 4; it changed the HeapTupleHeader layout again, and
 *		added the pd_flags field (by stealing some bits from pd_tli),
 *		as well as adding the pd_prune_xid field (which enlarges the header).
 *
 * As of Release 9.3, the checksum version must also be considered when
 * handling pages.
 */

postgres=# select lp,lp_off,lp_flags,lp_len from heap_page_items(get_raw_page('mvcc', 'main', 0));
 lp | lp_off | lp_flags | lp_len 
----+--------+----------+--------
  1 |   8160 |        1 |     28
  2 |   8128 |        1 |     28
(2 rows)

typedef struct ItemIdData
{
	unsigned	lp_off:15,		/* offset to tuple (from start of page) */
				lp_flags:2,		/* state of item pointer, see below */
				lp_len:15;		/* byte length of tuple */
} ItemIdData;

#define LP_UNUSED		0		/* unused (should always have lp_len=0) */
#define LP_NORMAL		1		/* used (should always have lp_len>0) */
#define LP_REDIRECT		2		/* HOT redirect (should have lp_len=0) */
#define LP_DEAD			3		/* dead, may or may not have storage */

postgres=# select * from heap_page_items(get_raw_page('mvcc', 'main', 0));
 lp | lp_off | lp_flags | lp_len | t_xmin | t_xmax | t_field3 | t_ctid | t_infom
ask2 | t_infomask | t_hoff | t_bits | t_oid 
----+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------
-----+------------+--------+--------+-------
  1 |   8160 |        1 |     28 |   1831 |      0 |        0 | (0,1)  |        
   1 |       2048 |     24 |        |      
  2 |   8128 |        1 |     28 |   1831 |      0 |        0 | (0,2)  |        
   1 |       2048 |     24 |        |      
(2 rows)

typedef struct HeapTupleFields
{
	TransactionId t_xmin;		/* inserting xact ID */
	TransactionId t_xmax;		/* deleting or locking xact ID */

	union
	{
		CommandId	t_cid;		/* inserting or deleting command ID, or both */
		TransactionId t_xvac;	/* old-style VACUUM FULL xact ID */
	}			t_field3;
} HeapTupleFields;

typedef struct DatumTupleFields
{
 int32		datum_len_;		/* varlena header (do not touch directly!) */


 int32		datum_typmod;	/* -1, or identifier of a record type */


 Oid			datum_typeid;	/* composite type OID, or RECORDOID */


 /*
 * Note: field ordering is chosen with thought that Oid might someday
 * widen to 64 bits.
 */
} DatumTupleFields;

struct HeapTupleHeaderData
{
	union
	{
		HeapTupleFields t_heap;
		DatumTupleFields t_datum;
	}			t_choice;

	ItemPointerData t_ctid;		/* current TID of this or newer tuple */

	/* Fields below here must match MinimalTupleData! */

	uint16		t_infomask2;	/* number of attributes + various flags */

	uint16		t_infomask;		/* various flag bits, see below */

	uint8		t_hoff;			/* sizeof header incl. bitmap, padding */

	/* ^ - 23 bytes - ^ */

	bits8		t_bits[1];		/* bitmap of NULLs -- VARIABLE LENGTH */

	/* MORE DATA FOLLOWS AT END OF STRUCT */
};

typedef struct ItemPointerData
{
	BlockIdData ip_blkid;
	OffsetNumber ip_posid;
}

typedef struct BlockIdData
{
	uint16		bi_hi;
	uint16		bi_lo;
} BlockIdData;

#define HEAP_NATTS_MASK			0x07FF	/* 11 bits for number of attributes */
/* bits 0x1800 are available */
#define HEAP_KEYS_UPDATED		0x2000	/* tuple was updated and key cols
										 * modified, or tuple deleted */
#define HEAP_HOT_UPDATED		0x4000	/* tuple was HOT-updated */
#define HEAP_ONLY_TUPLE			0x8000	/* this is heap-only tuple */

#define HEAP2_XACT_MASK			0xE000	/* visibility-related bits */

#define HEAP_HASNULL			0x0001	/* has null attribute(s) */
#define HEAP_HASVARWIDTH		0x0002	/* has variable-width attribute(s) */
#define HEAP_HASEXTERNAL		0x0004	/* has external stored attribute(s) */
#define HEAP_HASOID				0x0008	/* has an object-id field */
#define HEAP_XMAX_KEYSHR_LOCK	0x0010	/* xmax is a key-shared locker */
#define HEAP_COMBOCID			0x0020	/* t_cid is a combo cid */
#define HEAP_XMAX_EXCL_LOCK		0x0040	/* xmax is exclusive locker */
#define HEAP_XMAX_LOCK_ONLY		0x0080	/* xmax, if valid, is only a locker */

 /* xmax is a shared locker */
#define HEAP_XMAX_SHR_LOCK	(HEAP_XMAX_EXCL_LOCK | HEAP_XMAX_KEYSHR_LOCK)

#define HEAP_LOCK_MASK	(HEAP_XMAX_SHR_LOCK | HEAP_XMAX_EXCL_LOCK | \
						 HEAP_XMAX_KEYSHR_LOCK)
#define HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED		0x0100	/* t_xmin committed */
#define HEAP_XMIN_INVALID		0x0200	/* t_xmin invalid/aborted */
#define HEAP_XMIN_FROZEN		(HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED|HEAP_XMIN_INVALID)
#define HEAP_XMAX_COMMITTED		0x0400	/* t_xmax committed */
#define HEAP_XMAX_INVALID		0x0800	/* t_xmax invalid/aborted */
#define HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI		0x1000	/* t_xmax is a MultiXactId */
#define HEAP_UPDATED			0x2000	/* this is UPDATEd version of row */
#define HEAP_MOVED_OFF			0x4000	/* moved to another place by pre-9.0