概述
UWP Community Toolkit Extensions 中有一个为 ListView 提供的扩展 - ListViewExtensions,本篇我们结合代码详细讲解 ListView Extensions 的实现。
ListViewExtensions 为每一种继承了 ListViewBase 类的控件提供了一种轻量级的方式来扩展它的附加属性。目前扩展的附加属性有 AlternateColor、AlternateItemTemplate 和 StretchItemContainerDirection;需要注意的是,扩展使用 ContainerContentChanging 事件来保证工作,如果控件的 ItemsPanel 被设置为 ItemsStackPanel 或 ItemsWrapGrid,那么扩展将不能正常工作。另外 StretchItemContainerDirection 有 Horizontal、Vertical 和 Both 三个选项。我们来看官方示例截图:
Doc: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/uwpcommunitytoolkit/extensions/listviewextensions
Namespace: Microsoft.Toolkit.Uwp.UI.Extensions; Nuget: Microsoft.Toolkit.Uwp.UI;
开发过程
代码分析
首先来看 ListView Extension - ListViewBase 的类结构:
首先来看 ListViewBase.cs 类,类中定义了 4 个PropertyChanged 事件处理方法:
主要看一下后面三个事件的处理方法:
① ColorContainerContentChanging(sender, args):
获取当前 sender 在 container 中的索引,根据索引的奇偶数来判断,偶数则设置背景为 AlternateColor,奇数则设置背景为空;
private static void ColorContainerContentChanging(Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.ListViewBase sender, ContainerContentChangingEventArgs args)
{
var itemContainer = args.ItemContainer as SelectorItem;
var itemIndex = sender.IndexFromContainer(itemContainer);
if (itemIndex % 2 == 0)
{
itemContainer.Background = GetAlternateColor(sender);
}
else
{
itemContainer.Background = null;
}
}
② ItemTemplateContainerContentChanging(sender, args):
同样获取当前 sender 在 container 中的索引,根据索引的奇偶数来判断,偶数则设置内容模板为 AlternateItemTemplate,奇数则设置为 sender 的元素模板;
private static void ItemTemplateContainerContentChanging(Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.ListViewBase sender, ContainerContentChangingEventArgs args)
{
var itemContainer = args.ItemContainer as SelectorItem;
var itemIndex = sender.IndexFromContainer(itemContainer);
if (itemIndex % 2 == 0)
{
itemContainer.ContentTemplate = GetAlternateItemTemplate(sender);
}
else
{
itemContainer.ContentTemplate = sender.ItemTemplate;
}
}
以上两个方法,主要处理就是自定义 ListView 奇偶数元素不同的背景色和元素模板;
③ StretchItemContainerDirectionChanging(sender, args):
获取当前 sender 的 stretchDirection,如果为 Vertical 或 Both,则 container 的纵向内容对齐设置为 Stretch;如果为 Horizontal 或 Both,则 container 的横向内容对齐设置为 Stretch;
private static void StretchItemContainerDirectionChanging(Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.ListViewBase sender, ContainerContentChangingEventArgs args)
{
var itemContainer = args.ItemContainer as SelectorItem;
var stretchDirection = GetStretchItemContainerDirection(sender);
if (stretchDirection == StretchDirection.Vertical || stretchDirection == StretchDirection.Both)
{
itemContainer.VerticalContentAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Stretch;
}
if (stretchDirection == StretchDirection.Horizontal || stretchDirection == StretchDirection.Both)
{
itemContainer.HorizontalContentAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch;
}
}
接下来看 ListViewExtensions 类,首先来看类中定义的依赖属性:
来看这三个事件的处理逻辑:
① OnAlternateColorPropertyChanged(sender, args):
分别重新绑定 ColorContainerContentChanging、ColorItemsVectorChanged 和 OnListViewBaseUnloaded 事件;其中主要处理在 ColorItemsVectorChanged 中;
private static void OnAlternateColorPropertyChanged(DependencyObject sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args)
{
Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.ListViewBase listViewBase = sender as Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.ListViewBase;
if (listViewBase == null)
{
return;
}
listViewBase.ContainerContentChanging -= ColorContainerContentChanging;
listViewBase.Items.VectorChanged -= ColorItemsVectorChanged;
listViewBase.Unloaded -= OnListViewBaseUnloaded;
_itemsForList[listViewBase.Items] = listViewBase;
if (AlternateColorProperty != null)
{
listViewBase.ContainerContentChanging += ColorContainerContentChanging;
listViewBase.Items.VectorChanged += ColorItemsVectorChanged;
listViewBase.Unloaded += OnListViewBaseUnloaded;
}
}
ColorItemsVectorChanged(sender, args) 方法对于 ColorContainerContentChanging 方法中未处理的 Insert 和 Remove 场景做处理,获取当前的 ListViewBase,遍历每个元素,为元素容器设置背景,依据是元素的索引;ColorContainerContentChanging 方法的处理同样是根据元素的索引奇偶数来设置背景;
private static void ColorItemsVectorChanged(IObservableVector<object> sender, IVectorChangedEventArgs args)
{
// If the index is at the end we can ignore
if (args.Index == (sender.Count - 1)) { return; }
// Only need to handle Inserted and Removed because we'll handle everything else in the
// ColorContainerContentChanging method
if ((args.CollectionChange == CollectionChange.ItemInserted) || (args.CollectionChange == CollectionChange.ItemRemoved))
{
_itemsForList.TryGetValue(sender, out Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.ListViewBase listViewBase);
if (listViewBase == null) { return; }
int index = (int)args.Index;
for (int i = index; i < sender.Count; i++)
{
var itemContainer = listViewBase.ContainerFromIndex(i) as Control;
if (itemContainer != null)
{
SetItemContainerBackground(listViewBase, itemContainer, i);
}
}
}
}
② OnAlternateItemTemplatePropertyChanged(sender, args):
分别重新绑定 ItemTemplateContainerContentChanging 和 OnListViewBaseUnloaded 事件,处理主要是根据元素的索引的奇偶数,设置元素模板;
private static void OnAlternateItemTemplatePropertyChanged(DependencyObject sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args)
{
Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.ListViewBase listViewBase = sender as Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.ListViewBase;
if (listViewBase == null)
{
return;
}
listViewBase.ContainerContentChanging -= ItemTemplateContainerContentChanging;
listViewBase.Unloaded -= OnListViewBaseUnloaded;
if (AlternateItemTemplateProperty != null)
{
listViewBase.ContainerContentChanging += ItemTemplateContainerContentChanging;
listViewBase.Unloaded += OnListViewBaseUnloaded;
}
}
③ OnStretchItemContainerDirectionPropertyChanged(sender, args):
分别重新绑定 StretchItemContainerDirectionChanging 和 OnListViewBaseUnloaded 事件,处理是获取当前 itemContainer 的 stretchDirection,如果为 Vertical 或 Both,则 container 的纵向内容对齐设置为 Stretch;如果为 Horizontal 或 Both,则 container 的横向内容对齐设置为 Stretch;
private static void OnStretchItemContainerDirectionPropertyChanged(DependencyObject sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args)
{
Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.ListViewBase listViewBase = sender as Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.ListViewBase;
if (listViewBase == null)
{
return;
}
listViewBase.ContainerContentChanging -= StretchItemContainerDirectionChanging;
listViewBase.Unloaded -= OnListViewBaseUnloaded;
if (StretchItemContainerDirectionProperty != null)
{
listViewBase.ContainerContentChanging += StretchItemContainerDirectionChanging;
listViewBase.Unloaded += OnListViewBaseUnloaded;
}
}
调用示例
我们把 AlternateColor 设置为浅灰色,AlternateItemTemplate 中的文字前景色设置为橙色,StretchItemContainerDirection 设置为 Both;可以看到运行显示中 test01 test03 这些元素的显示和设置是一致的。
<Page.Resources>
<DataTemplate x:Name="NormalTemplate">
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Title}" Foreground="Green"></TextBlock>
</DataTemplate>
<DataTemplate x:Name="AlternateTemplate">
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Title}" Foreground="Orange"></TextBlock>
</DataTemplate>
</Page.Resources>
<Grid Background="{ThemeResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}">
<ListView x:Name="SampleListView" Margin="12"
ItemTemplate="{StaticResource NormalTemplate}"
extensions:ListViewExtensions.AlternateColor="LightGray"
extensions:ListViewExtensions.AlternateItemTemplate="{StaticResource AlternateTemplate}"
extensions:ListViewExtensions.StretchItemContainerDirection="Both">
</ListView>
</Grid>
总结
到这里我们就把 UWP Community Toolkit Extensions 中的 ListViewExtensions 的源代码实现过程和简单的调用示例讲解完成了,希望能对大家更好的理解和使用这个扩展有所帮助。欢迎大家多多交流,谢谢!
最后,再跟大家安利一下 UWPCommunityToolkit 的官方微博:https://weibo.com/u/6506046490, 大家可以通过微博关注最新动态。
衷心感谢 UWPCommunityToolkit 的作者们杰出的工作,Thank you so much, UWPCommunityToolkit authors!!!