Python的hasattr() getattr() setattr() 函数使用方法详解

>>> class test():
...     name="xiaohua"
...     def run(self):
...             return "HelloWord"
...
>>> t=test()
>>> hasattr(t, "name") #判断对象有name属性
True
>>> hasattr(t, "run")  #判断对象有run方法
True
>>>

>>> class test():
...     name="xiaohua"
...     def run(self):
...             return "HelloWord"
...
>>> t=test()
>>> getattr(t, "name") #获取name属性，存在就打印出来。
'xiaohua'
>>> getattr(t, "run")  #获取run方法，存在就打印出方法的内存地址。
<bound method test.run of <__main__.test instance at 0x0269C878>>
>>> getattr(t, "run")()  #获取run方法，后面加括号可以将这个方法运行。
'HelloWord'
>>> getattr(t, "age")  #获取一个不存在的属性。
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: test instance has no attribute 'age'
>>> getattr(t, "age","18")  #若属性不存在，返回一个默认值。
'18'
>>>

>>> class test():
...     name="xiaohua"
...     def run(self):
...             return "HelloWord"
...
>>> t=test()
>>> hasattr(t, "age")   #判断属性是否存在
False
>>> setattr(t, "age", "18")   #为属相赋值，并没有返回值
>>> hasattr(t, "age")    #属性存在了
True
>>>

>>> class test():
...     name="xiaohua"
...     def run(self):
...             return "HelloWord"
...
>>> t=test()
>>> getattr(t, "age")    #age属性不存在
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: test instance has no attribute 'age'
>>> getattr(t, "age", setattr(t, "age", "18")) #age属性不存在时，设置该属性
'18'
>>> getattr(t, "age")  #可检测设置成功
'18'
>>>