如果你的网站需要被世界各地的人访问,访问者会使用各种不同的语言和文字书写习惯,那么创建一个支持多语言的网站就是十分必要的了,这一篇文章就讲述怎么快速合理的创建网站对多语言的支持。接下来通过一个实例来讲述实践方式。
首先创建一个ASP.NET MVC5应用程序,命名为Internationalization:
然后在Models中添加一个示例的模型类:
public class Employee
{
[Display(Name = "Name", ResourceType = typeof(Resources.Resource))]
[Required(ErrorMessageResourceType = typeof(Resources.Resource),
ErrorMessageResourceName = "NameRequired")]
public string Name { get; set; }
}
这里提到了Resources.Resource命名空间,接下来就创建它:
这是一个单独的项目,用来存放各种语言的资源文件,我们创建了三个资源文件,分别存放了中文(默认)、英文和阿拉伯文,资源文件中存放了如下资源项:
注意:这里的资源因为需要在项目外部使用,所以需要将访问修饰符修改为Public
接下来就是如何来确定访问者要使用的语言了,在每个请求中,都会有一个Accept-language的头,其中定义了可接受的语言类型,但是我们仅可以从它来判断浏览器中设置的语言,而这个语言类型可能并不是访问者实际需要的语言类型,所以,我们将设计一个可供选择的语言列表,然后在服务器端使用发回Cookie的方式保存浏览器端实际需要的语言。
首先需要创建一个CultureHelper类,这个类的功能就是来判断访问者实际需要的语言类型:
public class CultureHelper
{
private static readonly List<string> validCultures = new List<string>() { "zh-cn", "en-us","ar" };
private static readonly List<string> cultures = new List<string>() { "zh-cn", "en-us","ar" };
public static bool IsRightToLeft()
{
return Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo.IsRightToLeft;
}
public static string GetImplementedCulture(string name)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
{
return GetDefaultCulture();
}
if (!validCultures.Where(c => c.Equals(name, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)).Any())
{
return GetDefaultCulture();
}
if (cultures.Where(c => c.Equals(name, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)).Any())
{
return name;
}
var n = GetNeutralCulture(name);
foreach (var c in cultures)
{
if (c.StartsWith(n))
{
return c;
}
}
return GetDefaultCulture();
}
public static string GetDefaultCulture()
{
return cultures[0];
}
public static string GetCurrentCulture()
{
return Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name;
}
public static string GetCurrentNeutralCulture()
{
return GetNeutralCulture(Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name);
}
public static string GetNeutralCulture(string name)
{
if (!name.Contains("-"))
{
return name;
}
else
{
return name.Split('-')[0];
}
}
}
接下来创建一个BaseController类,并且确保之后创建的所有控制器继承自它:
public class BaseController : Controller
{
protected override IAsyncResult BeginExecuteCore(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
{
string cultureName = string.Empty;
HttpCookie cultureCookie = Request.Cookies["_culture"];
if (cultureCookie != null)
{
cultureName = cultureCookie.Value;
}
else
{
cultureName = Request.UserLanguages != null && Request.UserLanguages.Length > 0 ?
Request.UserLanguages[0] : null;
}
cultureName = CultureHelper.GetImplementedCulture(cultureName);
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new CultureInfo(cultureName);
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
return base.BeginExecuteCore(callback,state);
}
}
创建一个EmployeeController,作为多语言实践的一个示例:
public class EmployeeController : BaseController
{
//
// GET: /User/
public ActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
public ActionResult SetCulture(string culture)
{
culture = CultureHelper.GetImplementedCulture(culture);
HttpCookie cookie = Request.Cookies["_culture"];
if (cookie != null)
{
cookie.Value = culture;
}
else
{
cookie = new HttpCookie("_culture");
cookie.Value = culture;
cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1);
}
Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
}
在程序包管理控制台中,使用PS命令,安装Bootstrap对RightToLeft文字习惯的支持:
Install-Package Twitter.Bootstrap.RTL
然后在App_Start中的BundleConfig.cs中添加两个资源文字的虚拟捆绑路径:
bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/bootstrap-rtl").Include(
"~/Scripts/bootstrap-rtl.js",
"~/Scripts/respond.js"));
bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/css-rtl").Include(
"~/Content/css/bootstrap-rtl.css",
"~/Content/site.css"));
最后,创建Index视图:
@model Internationalization.Models.Employee
@{
ViewBag.Title = "Index";
var culture = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name.ToLowerInvariant();
}
@helper selected(string c, string culture)
{
if (c == culture)
{
@:checked="checked"
}
}
@*选择语言列表*@
@using (Html.BeginForm("SetCulture", "Employee"))
{
<fieldset>
<legend></legend>
<div class="control-group">
<div class="
">
<label for="zh-cn">
<input name="culture" id="zh-cn" value="zh-cn" type="radio" @selected("zh-cn", culture) /> 中文
</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<div class="controls">
<label for="en-us">
<input name="culture" id="en-us" value="en-us" type="radio" @selected("en-us", culture) /> English
</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<div class="controls">
<label for="en-us">
<input name="culture" id="ar" value="ar" type="radio" @selected("ar", culture) /> عربي
</label>
</div>
</div>
</fieldset>
}
@*创建员工表单*@
@using (Html.BeginForm())
{
@Html.AntiForgeryToken()
<div class="form-horizontal">
<h2>@Resources.Resource.AddEmployee</h2>
<hr />
@Html.ValidationSummary(true)
<div class="form-group">
@Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
<div class="col-md-10">
@Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name)
@Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name)
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
<input type="submit" value="Create" class="btn btn-default" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
}
@*在选择语言后,自动提交*@
@section Scripts {
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jqueryval")
<script type="text/javascript">
(function ($) {
$("input[type = 'radio']").click(function () {
$(this).parents("form").submit(); // post form
});
})(jQuery);
</script>
}
还需要更改_Layout.cshtml文件,当文字习惯为右到左时,需要切换bootstrap的样式文件:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="@Internationalization.Helpers.CultureHelper.GetCurrentNeutralCulture()" dir="@(Internationalization.Helpers.CultureHelper.IsRightToLeft() ? "rtl" : "ltr")">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>@ViewBag.Title - 我的 ASP.NET 应用程序</title>
@Styles.Render("~/Content/css" + (Internationalization.Helpers.CultureHelper.IsRightToLeft() ? "-rtl" : ""))
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/modernizr")
</head>
<body>
<div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
@Html.ActionLink("应用程序名称", "Index", "Home", null, new { @class = "navbar-brand" })
</div>
<div class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li>@Html.ActionLink("主页", "Index", "Home")</li>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("关于", "About", "Home")</li>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("联系方式", "Contact", "Home")</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container body-content">
@RenderBody()
<hr />
<footer>
<p>© @DateTime.Now.Year - 我的 ASP.NET 应用程序</p>
</footer>
</div>
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery")
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/bootstrap" + (Internationalization.Helpers.CultureHelper.IsRightToLeft() ? "-rtl" : ""))
@RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>
演示效果:
最终DEMO地址:点击这里,感谢园友支持,这一期会一直进行下去的
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