数据类型总结（一）（数字，字符串）

def bit_length(self): 
        """ 返回表示该数字的时占用的最少位数 """
        """
        int.bit_length() -> int
        
        Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
        >>> bin(37)
        '0b100101'
        >>> (37).bit_length()
        """
        return 0

    def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ 返回该复数的共轭复数 """
        """ Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. """
        pass

    def __abs__(self):
        """ 返回绝对值 """
        """ x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """
        pass

    def __add__(self, y):
        """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
        pass

    def __and__(self, y):
        """ x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """
        pass

    def __cmp__(self, y): 
        """ 比较两个数大小 """
        """ x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """
        pass

    def __coerce__(self, y):
        """ 强制生成一个元组 """ 
        """ x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """
        pass

    def __divmod__(self, y): 
        """ 相除，得到商和余数组成的元组 """ 
        """ x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """
        pass

    def __div__(self, y): 
        """ x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """
        pass

    def __float__(self): 
        """ 转换为浮点类型 """ 
        """ x.__float__() <==> float(x) """
        pass

    def __floordiv__(self, y): 
        """ x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """
        pass

    def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        pass

    def __getattribute__(self, name): 
        """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
        pass

    def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ 内部调用 __new__方法或创建对象时传入参数使用 """ 
        pass

    def __hash__(self): 
        """如果对象object为哈希表类型，返回对象object的哈希值。哈希值为整数。在字典查找中，哈希值用于快速比较字典的键。两个数值如果相等，则哈希值也相等。"""
        """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
        pass

    def __hex__(self): 
        """ 返回当前数的 十六进制 表示 """ 
        """ x.__hex__() <==> hex(x) """
        pass

    def __index__(self): 
        """ 用于切片，数字无意义 """
        """ x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()] """
        pass

    def __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__
        """ 构造方法，执行 x = 123 或 x = int(10) 时，自动调用，暂时忽略 """ 
        """
        int(x=0) -> int or long
        int(x, base=10) -> int or long
        
        Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
        are given.  If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
        If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.
        
        If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
        Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base.  The
        literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace.
        The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.  Base 0 means to
        interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
        >>> int('0b100', base=0)
        # (copied from class doc)
        """
        pass

    def __int__(self): 
        """ 转换为整数 """ 
        """ x.__int__() <==> int(x) """
        pass

    def __invert__(self): 
        """ x.__invert__() <==> ~x """
        pass

    def __long__(self): 
        """ 转换为长整数 """ 
        """ x.__long__() <==> long(x) """
        pass

    def __lshift__(self, y): 
        """ x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y """
        pass

    def __mod__(self, y): 
        """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """
        pass

    def __mul__(self, y): 
        """ x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """
        pass

    def __neg__(self): 
        """ x.__neg__() <==> -x """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(S, *more): 
        """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
        pass

    def __nonzero__(self): 
        """ x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """
        pass

    def __oct__(self): 
        """ 返回改值的 八进制 表示 """ 
        """ x.__oct__() <==> oct(x) """
        pass

    def __or__(self, y): 
        """ x.__or__(y) <==> x|y """
        pass

    def __pos__(self): 
        """ x.__pos__() <==> +x """
        pass

    def __pow__(self, y, z=None): 
        """ 幂，次方 """ 
        """ x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
        pass

    def __radd__(self, y): 
        """ x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """
        pass

    def __rand__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x """
        pass

    def __rdivmod__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """
        pass

    def __rdiv__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """
        pass

    def __repr__(self): 
        """转化为解释器可读取的形式 """
        """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
        pass

    def __str__(self): 
        """转换为人阅读的形式，如果没有适于人阅读的解释形式的话，则返回解释器课阅读的形式"""
        """ x.__str__() <==> str(x) """
        pass

    def __rfloordiv__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """
        pass

    def __rlshift__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x """
        pass

    def __rmod__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """
        pass

    def __rmul__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """
        pass

    def __ror__(self, y): 
        """ x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x """
        pass

    def __rpow__(self, x, z=None): 
        """ y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
        pass

    def __rrshift__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x """
        pass

    def __rshift__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y """
        pass

    def __rsub__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """
        pass

    def __rtruediv__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """
        pass

    def __rxor__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x """
        pass

    def __sub__(self, y): 
        """ x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """
        pass

    def __truediv__(self, y): 
        """ x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """
        pass

    def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): 
        """ 返回数值被截取为整形的值，在整形中无意义 """
        pass

    def __xor__(self, y): 
        """ x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y """
        pass

    denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """ 分母 = 1 """
    """the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms"""

    imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """ 虚数，无意义 """
    """the imaginary part of a complex number"""

    numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """ 分子 = 数字大小 """
    """the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms"""

    real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """ 实属，无意义 """
    """the real part of a complex number"""

int

class int(object):
    """
    int(x=0) -> integer
    int(x, base=10) -> integer
    
    Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
    are given.  If x is a number, return x.__int__().  For floating point
    numbers, this truncates towards zero.
    
    If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,
    bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the
    given base.  The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded
    by whitespace.  The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.
    Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
    >>> int('0b100', base=0)
    4
    """
    def bit_length(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ 返回表示该数字的时占用的最少位数 """
        """
        int.bit_length() -> int
        
        Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
        >>> bin(37)
        '0b100101'
        >>> (37).bit_length()
        6
        """
        return 0

    def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ 返回该复数的共轭复数 """
        """ Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. """
        pass

    @classmethod # known case
    def from_bytes(cls, bytes, byteorder, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; NOTE: unreliably restored from __doc__ 
        """
        int.from_bytes(bytes, byteorder, *, signed=False) -> int
        
        Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes.
        
        The bytes argument must be a bytes-like object (e.g. bytes or bytearray).
        
        The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the
        integer.  If byteorder is 'big', the most significant byte is at the
        beginning of the byte array.  If byteorder is 'little', the most
        significant byte is at the end of the byte array.  To request the native
        byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder' as the byte order value.
        
        The signed keyword-only argument indicates whether two's complement is
        used to represent the integer.
        """
        pass

    def to_bytes(self, length, byteorder, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; NOTE: unreliably restored from __doc__ 
        """
        int.to_bytes(length, byteorder, *, signed=False) -> bytes
        
        Return an array of bytes representing an integer.
        
        The integer is represented using length bytes.  An OverflowError is
        raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of
        bytes.
        
        The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the
        integer.  If byteorder is 'big', the most significant byte is at the
        beginning of the byte array.  If byteorder is 'little', the most
        significant byte is at the end of the byte array.  To request the native
        byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder' as the byte order value.
        
        The signed keyword-only argument determines whether two's complement is
        used to represent the integer.  If signed is False and a negative integer
        is given, an OverflowError is raised.
        """
        pass

    def __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ abs(self) """
        pass

    def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self+value. """
        pass

    def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self&value. """
        pass

    def __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ self != 0 """
        pass

    def __ceil__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        整数返回自己
        如果是小数
         math.ceil(3.1)返回4
        """
        """ Ceiling of an Integral returns itself. """
        pass

    def __divmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ 相除，得到商和余数组成的元组 """
        """ Return divmod(self, value). """
        pass

    def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self==value. """
        pass

    def __float__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ float(self) """
        pass

    def __floordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self//value. """
        pass

    def __floor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Flooring an Integral returns itself. """
        pass

    def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        pass

    def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return getattr(self, name). """
        pass

    def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        pass

    def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>=value. """
        pass

    def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>value. """
        pass

    def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return hash(self). """
        pass

    def __index__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ 用于切片，数字无意义 """
        """ Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list. """
        pass

    def __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__
        """ 构造方法，执行 x = 123 或 x = int(10) 时，自动调用，暂时忽略 """
        """
        int(x=0) -> integer
        int(x, base=10) -> integer
        
        Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
        are given.  If x is a number, return x.__int__().  For floating point
        numbers, this truncates towards zero.
        
        If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,
        bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the
        given base.  The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded
        by whitespace.  The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.
        Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
        >>> int('0b100', base=0)
        4
        # (copied from class doc)
        """
        pass

    def __int__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

        """ int(self) """
        pass

    def __invert__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ ~self """
        pass

    def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<=value. """
        pass

    def __lshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<<value. """
        pass

    def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<value. """
        pass

    def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self%value. """
        pass

    def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self*value. """
        pass

    def __neg__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ -self """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
        pass

    def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self!=value. """
        pass

    def __or__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self|value. """
        pass

    def __pos__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ +self """
        pass

    def __pow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return pow(self, value, mod). """
        pass

    def __radd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value+self. """
        pass

    def __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value&self. """
        pass

    def __rdivmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return divmod(value, self). """
        pass

    def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return repr(self). """
        pass

    def __rfloordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value//self. """
        pass

    def __rlshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value<<self. """
        pass

    def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value%self. """
        pass

    def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value*self. """
        pass

    def __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value|self. """
        pass

    def __round__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Rounding an Integral returns itself.
        Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer.
        """
        pass

    def __rpow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return pow(value, self, mod). """
        pass

    def __rrshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value>>self. """
        pass

    def __rshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>>value. """
        pass

    def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value-self. """
        pass

    def __rtruediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value/self. """
        pass

    def __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value^self. """
        pass

    def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Returns size in memory, in bytes """
        pass

    def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return str(self). """
        pass

    def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self-value. """
        pass

    def __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self/value. """
        pass

    def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Truncating an Integral returns itself. """
        pass

    def __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self^value. """
        pass

    denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms"""

    imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """the imaginary part of a complex number"""

    numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms"""

    real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """the real part of a complex number"""

练习：
1.现有如下两个变量,请简述 n1 和 n2 是什么关系?
    n1=123
    n2=123

2.现有如下两个变量,请简述 n1 和 n2 是什么关系?
    n1=123456
    n2=123456

3.现有如下两个变量,请简述 n1 和 n2 是什么关系?
    n1=123456
    n2=n1

4.如有一下变量 n1  =  5，请使用 int 的提供的方法，得到该变量最少可以用多少个二进制位表示？

1.
答：id相同，类型相同，值相同，n1和n2使用同一内存地址
python内部的优化： -5到157之间的赋值变量都是相同的地址
2.
答：id不同，类型相同，值相同，n1和n2使用不同的内存地址
python内部的优化： -5到157之间的赋值变量都是相同的地址
3.
答：id不同，类型相同，值相同，
n1和n2使用同一内存地址，只是变量名不同
4.print(n1.bit_length())=3
最少可以用3个二进制位表示

移除空白 msg.strip()分割msg.split('|')长度len(msg)索引msg[3] msg[-1]切片msg[0:5:2]  #0  2  4

>>> import re  
>>> a = "Hello world!How are you?My friend.Tom"  
>>> re.split(" |!|\?|\.", a)    
['Hello', 'world', 'How', 'are', 'you', 'My', 'friend', 'Tom']  

# name='egon' #name=str('egon')
# print(type(name))


#优先掌握
#　　　　移除空白strip
msg='             hello         '
print(msg)
print(msg.strip())

msg='***hello*********'
msg=msg.strip('*')
print(msg)

print(msg.lstrip('*'))
print(msg.rstrip('*'))

#用处
while True:
    name=input('user: ').strip()
    password=input('password: ').strip()

    if name == 'egon' and password == '123':
        print('login successfull')



　　　　切分split
info='root:x:0:0::/root:/bin/bash'
print(info[0]+info[1]+info[2]+info[3])

user_l=info.split(':')
print(user_l[0])

msg='hello world egon say hahah'
print(msg.split()) #默认以空格作为分隔符

cmd='download|xhp.mov|3000'
cmd_l=cmd.split('|')
print(cmd_l[1])
print(cmd_l[0])

print(cmd.split('|',1))#后面的数字代表，切分次数，默认从左往右切分

#用处
while True:
    cmd=input('>>:　').strip()
    if len(cmd) == 0:continue
    cmd_l=cmd.split()
    print('命令是:%s 命令的参数是:%s' %(cmd_l[0],cmd_l[1]))




#
# 　　　　长度len

# print(len('hell 123'))

#
# 　　　　索引

#
# 　　　　切片:切出子字符串
# msg='hello world'
# print(msg[1:3]) #1 2
# print(msg[1:4]) #1 2 3



# 掌握部分
oldboy_age=84
while True:
    age=input('>>: ').strip()
    if len(age) == 0:continue
    if age.isdigit():
        age=int(age)
    else:
        print('must be int')





startswith,endswith
name='alex_SB'
print(name.endswith('SB'))
print(name.startswith('alex'))


replace
name='alex say :i have one tesla,my name is alex'
print(name.replace('alex','SB',1))

print('my name is %s my age is %s my sex is %s' %('egon',18,'male'))
print('my name is {} my age is {} my sex is {}'.format('egon',18,'male'))
print('my name is {0} my age is {1} my sex is {0}:{2}'.format('egon',18,'male'))
print('my name is {name} my age is {age} my sex is {sex}'.format(
    sex='male',
    age=18,
    name='egon'))


name='goee say hello'
# print(name.find('S',1,3)) #顾头不顾尾,找不到则返回-1不会报错,找到了则显示索引
# print(name.index('S')) #同上,但是找不到会报错

print(name.count('S',1,5)) #顾头不顾尾,如果不指定范围则查找所有


join
info='root:x:0:0::/root:/bin/bash'
print(info.split(':'))

l=['root', 'x', '0', '0', '', '/root', '/bin/bash']
print(':'.join(l))


lower,upper
name='eGon'
print(name.lower())
print(name.upper())













#了解部分
#expandtabs
name='egon\thello'
print(name)
print(name.expandtabs(1))


#center,ljust,rjust,zfill
name='egon'
# print(name.center(30,'-'))
print(name.ljust(30,'*'))
print(name.rjust(30,'*'))
print(name.zfill(50)) #用0填充


#captalize,swapcase,title
name='eGon'
print(name.capitalize()) #首字母大写,其余部分小写
print(name.swapcase()) #大小写翻转
msg='egon say hi'
print(msg.title()) #每个单词的首字母大写






#在python3中
num0='4'
num1=b'4' #bytes
num2=u'4' #unicode,python3中无需加u就是unicode
num3='四' #中文数字
num4='Ⅳ' #罗马数字


#isdigt:str,bytes,unicode
print(num0.isdigit())
print(num1.isdigit())
print(num2.isdigit())
print(num3.isdigit())
print(num4.isdigit())

#isdecimal:str,unicode
num0='4'
num1=b'4' #bytes
num2=u'4' #unicode,python3中无需加u就是unicode
num3='四' #中文数字
num4='Ⅳ' #罗马数字
print(num0.isdecimal())
# print(num1.)
print(num2.isdecimal())
print(num3.isdecimal())
print(num4.isdecimal())

#isnumeric:str,unicode,中文，罗马
num0='4'
num1=b'4' #bytes
num2=u'4' #unicode,python3中无需加u就是unicode
num3='四' #中文数字
num4='Ⅳ' #罗马数字

print(num0.isnumeric())
# print(num1)
print(num2.isnumeric())
print(num3.isnumeric())
print(num4.isnumeric())




#is其他
name='egon123'
print(name.isalnum()) #字符串由字母和数字组成
name='asdfasdfa sdf'
print(name.isalpha()) #字符串只由字母组成
#

name='asdfor123'
print(name.isidentifier())
name='egGon'
print(name.islower())
print(name.isupper())
print(name.isspace())
name='Egon say'
print(name.istitle())

# n=1
#
# f=1.3
#
# print(type(n))
# print(type(f))

# print(1.3e-3)
# print(1.3e3)

#3

# print(bin(10))
#
# print(oct(10))
# # 0-9 a b c d e f
# print(hex(10))



#数字类型的特点：
# 1.只能存放一个值
#
# 2.一经定义，不可更改
#
# 3.直接访问
# x=10123123123
# print(id(x))
# x=11
# print(id(11))


#字符串类型：引号包含的都是字符串类型
#需要掌握的常用操作：
'''
msg='hello'
移除空白 msg.strip()
分割msg.split('|')
长度len(msg)
索引msg[3] msg[-1]
切片msg[0:5:2]  #0  2  4

'''


# s='hello world'
# s1="hello world"
# s2="""hello world"""
# s3='''hello world'''
# print(type(s))
# print(type(s1))
# print(type(s2))
# print(type(s3))


x='*****egon********'

# x=x.strip()
# print(x)
# print(x.strip('*'))

#首字母大写
# x='hello'
# print(x.capitalize())

#所有字母大写
# x='hello'
# print(x.upper())

# #居中显示
# x='hello'
# print(x.center(30,'#'))

#统计某个字符的长度，空格也算字符
# x='hel lo love'
# print(x.count('l'))
# print(x.count('l',0,4)) # 0 1 2 3


#判断开头，结尾的字符
# x='hello '
# print(x.endswith(' '))
# print(x.startswith())

#查找
# x='hello '
# print(x.find('e'))
# print(x.find('l'))

#格式化字符串
# msg='Name:{},age:{},sex:{}'
# print(msg) #Name:{},age:{},sex:{}
# print(msg.format('egon',18,'male'))


# msg='Name:{0},age:{1},sex:{0}'
# print(msg.format('aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa','bbbbbbbbbbbbbb'))



# msg='Name:{x},age:{y},sex:{z}'
# print(msg.format(y=18,x='egon',z='male'))



x='hello world'
# print(x[0])
# print(x[4])
# print(x[5])
# print(x[100]) #报错

# print(x[-1])
# print(x[-3])
# print(x[1:3])
# print(x[1:5:2])


# x='hello'
# print(x.index('o'))
# print(x[4])
# print(x[x.index('o')])

# x='123'
# print(x.isdigit())
#
# age=input('age: ')
# if age.isdigit():
#     new_age=int(age)
#     print(new_age,type(new_age))



msg='hello alex'
# print(msg.replace('x','X'))
# print(msg.replace('alex','SB'))
# print(msg.replace('l','A'))
# print(msg.replace('l','A',1))
# print(msg.replace('l','A',2))


#补充
# x='a' #x=str('a')
# str.replace()


# x='hello          world alex SB'
# x='root:x:0:0::/root:/bin/bash'
# print(x.split(':'))





# x='hello'
# # print(x.upper())
# x='H'
# print(x.isupper())
x='HELLO'
# print(x.islower())
# print(x.lower())


x='     '
# print(x.isspace())

msg='Hello'
msg='hEEEE'
# print(msg.istitle())


# x='abc'
# print(x.ljust(10,'*'))
# print(x.rjust(10,'*'))

# x='Ab'
# print(x.swapcase())
#
# x='hello'
# print(x.title())

#strip
name='*egon**'
print(name.strip('*'))
print(name.lstrip('*'))
print(name.rstrip('*'))

#startswith,endswith
name='alex_SB'
print(name.endswith('SB'))
print(name.startswith('alex'))

#replace
name='alex say :i have one tesla,my name is alex'
print(name.replace('alex','SB',1))

#format的三种玩法
res='{} {} {}'.format('egon',18,'male')
res='{1} {0} {1}'.format('egon',18,'male')
res='{name} {age} {sex}'.format(sex='male',name='egon',age=18)

#find,rfind,index,rindex,count
name='egon say hello'
print(name.find('o',1,3)) #顾头不顾尾,找不到则返回-1不会报错,找到了则显示索引
# print(name.index('e',2,4)) #同上,但是找不到会报错
print(name.count('e',1,3)) #顾头不顾尾,如果不指定范围则查找所有


#split
name='root:x:0:0::/root:/bin/bash'
print(name.split(':')) #默认分隔符为空格
name='C:/a/b/c/d.txt' #只想拿到顶级目录
print(name.split('/',1))

name='a|b|c'
print(name.rsplit('|',1)) #从右开始切分


#join
tag=' '
print(tag.join(['egon','say','hello','world'])) #可迭代对象必须都是字符串

#center,ljust,rjust,zfill
name='egon'
print(name.center(30,'-'))
print(name.ljust(30,'*'))
print(name.rjust(30,'*'))
print(name.zfill(50)) #用0填充


#expandtabs
name='egon\thello'
print(name)
print(name.expandtabs(1))

#lower,upper
name='egon'
print(name.lower())
print(name.upper())


#captalize,swapcase,title
print(name.capitalize()) #首字母大写
print(name.swapcase()) #大小写翻转
msg='egon say hi'
print(msg.title()) #每个单词的首字母大写

#is数字系列
#在python3中
num1=b'4' #bytes
num2=u'4' #unicode,python3中无需加u就是unicode
num3='四' #中文数字
num4='Ⅳ' #罗马数字

#isdigt:bytes,unicode
print(num1.isdigit()) #True
print(num2.isdigit()) #True
print(num3.isdigit()) #False
print(num4.isdigit()) #False


#isdecimal:uncicode
#bytes类型无isdecimal方法
print(num2.isdecimal()) #True
print(num3.isdecimal()) #False
print(num4.isdecimal()) #False

#isnumberic:unicode,中文数字,罗马数字
#bytes类型无isnumberic方法
print(num2.isnumeric()) #True
print(num3.isnumeric()) #True
print(num4.isnumeric()) #True


#三者不能判断浮点数
num5='4.3'
print(num5.isdigit()) 
print(num5.isdecimal())
print(num5.isnumeric())
'''
总结:
    最常用的是isdigit,可以判断bytes和unicode类型,这也是最常见的数字应用场景
    如果要判断中文数字或罗马数字,则需要用到isnumeric
'''

#is其他
print('===>')
name='egon123'
print(name.isalnum()) #字符串由字母和数字组成
print(name.isalpha()) #字符串只由字母组成

print(name.isidentifier())
print(name.islower())
print(name.isupper())
print(name.isspace())
print(name.istitle())

# 写代码,有如下变量,请按照要求实现每个功能 （共6分，每小题各0.5分）
name = " aleX"
# 1)    移除 name 变量对应的值两边的空格,并输出处理结果
# 2)    判断 name 变量对应的值是否以 "al" 开头,并输出结果

# 3)    判断 name 变量对应的值是否以 "X" 结尾,并输出结果

# 4)    将 name 变量对应的值中的 “l” 替换为 “p”,并输出结果
# 5)    将 name 变量对应的值根据 “l” 分割,并输出结果。
# 6)    将 name 变量对应的值变大写,并输出结果

# 7)    将 name 变量对应的值变小写,并输出结果

# 8)    请输出 name 变量对应的值的第 2 个字符?
# 9)    请输出 name 变量对应的值的前 3 个字符?
# 10)    请输出 name 变量对应的值的后 2 个字符?

# 11)    请输出 name 变量对应的值中 “e” 所在索引位置?

# 12)    获取子序列,去掉最后一个字符。如: oldboy 则获取 oldbo。

# 写代码,有如下变量,请按照要求实现每个功能 （共6分，每小题各0.5分）
name = " aleX"
# 1)    移除 name 变量对应的值两边的空格,并输出处理结果
name = ' aleX'
a=name.strip()
print(a)

# 2)    判断 name 变量对应的值是否以 "al" 开头,并输出结果

name=' aleX'
if name.startswith(name):
    print(name)
else:
    print('no')

# 3)    判断 name 变量对应的值是否以 "X" 结尾,并输出结果

name=' aleX'
if name.endswith(name):
    print(name)
else:
    print('no')

# 4)    将 name 变量对应的值中的 “l” 替换为 “p”,并输出结果
name=' aleX'
print(name.replace('l','p'))

# 5)    将 name 变量对应的值根据 “l” 分割,并输出结果。
name=' aleX'
print(name.split('l'))

# 6)    将 name 变量对应的值变大写,并输出结果

name=' aleX'
print(name.upper())

# 7)    将 name 变量对应的值变小写,并输出结果

name=' aleX'
print(name.lower())

# 8)    请输出 name 变量对应的值的第 2 个字符?
name=' aleX'
print(name[1])

# 9)    请输出 name 变量对应的值的前 3 个字符?
name=' aleX'
print(name[:3])

# 10)    请输出 name 变量对应的值的后 2 个字符?

name=' aleX'
print(name[-2:])

# 11)    请输出 name 变量对应的值中 “e” 所在索引位置?

name=' aleX'
print(name.index('e'))

# 12)    获取子序列,去掉最后一个字符。如: oldboy 则获取 oldbo。
name=' aleX'
a=name[:-1]
print(a)