python 中单独调用 django 的数据库模块

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2017/6/2 上午11:15
# @Author  : pudgeli@tecncent.com
#import相关的Django类
from django.db import models
from django.conf import settings
import django

#外部调用django时，需要设置django相关环境变量

#设置INSTALLED_APPS信息
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'Entity',
    # 'django.contrib.admin',
    # 'django.contrib.auth',
    # 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    # 'django.contrib.sessions',
    # 'django.contrib.messages',
    # 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
#设置数据库信息
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',   #mysql的engine
        'NAME': 'plant',                        #数据库名称
        'USER': 'root',                         #数据库用户名
        'PASSWORD': '123456',                   #数据库密码
        'HOST': 'localhost',                    #主机地址
        'PORT': '3306',                         #数据库端口号
    }
}
#给Django配置相关信息
settings.configure(DATABASES=DATABASES, INSTALLED_APPS=INSTALLED_APPS)
#启动Django
django.setup()

#构造ORM的对象
class Animal_json(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(db_column=u'name', max_length=512, primary_key=True)
    data_json = models.TextField(db_column=u'data_json')

    def __unicode__(self):
        return 'animal_json'

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'animal_json'

Using settings without setting DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE

In some cases, you might want to bypass the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable. For example, if you’re using the template system by itself, you likely don’t want to have to set up an environment variable pointing to a settings module.

In these cases, you can configure Django’s settings manually. Do this by calling:

django.conf.settings.configure(default_settings, **settings)¶
Example:

from django.conf import settings

settings.configure(DEBUG=True)
Pass configure() as many keyword arguments as you’d like, with each keyword argument representing a setting and its value. Each argument name should be all uppercase, with the same name as the settings described above.

INSTALLED_APPS

Default: [] (Empty list)

A list of strings designating all applications that are enabled in this Django installation. Each string should be a dotted Python path to:

an application configuration class (preferred), or
a package containing an application.

DATABASES

Default: {} (Empty dictionary)

A dictionary containing the settings for all databases to be used with Django. It is a nested dictionary whose contents map a database alias to a dictionary containing the options for an individual database.

The DATABASES setting must configure a default database; any number of additional databases may also be specified.

The simplest possible settings file is for a single-database setup using SQLite. This can be configured using the following:

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': 'mydatabase',
    }
}
When connecting to other database backends, such as MySQL, Oracle, or PostgreSQL, additional connection parameters will be required. See the ENGINE setting below on how to specify other database types. This example is for PostgreSQL:

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'mydatabase',
        'USER': 'mydatabaseuser',
        'PASSWORD': 'mypassword',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '5432',
    }
}

Calling django.setup() is required for “standalone” Django usage

If you’re using components of Django “standalone” – for example, writing a Python script which loads some Django templates and renders them, or uses the ORM to fetch some data – there’s one more step you’ll need in addition to configuring settings.

After you’ve either set DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or called configure(), you’ll need to call django.setup() to load your settings and populate Django’s application registry. For example:

import django
from django.conf import settings
from myapp import myapp_defaults

settings.configure(default_settings=myapp_defaults, DEBUG=True)
django.setup()

# Now this script or any imported module can use any part of Django it needs.
from myapp import models
Note that calling django.setup() is only necessary if your code is truly standalone. When invoked by your Web server, or through django-admin, Django will handle this for you.

from Entity import Animal_json
def getAnimals():
    global animals
    animals = Animal_json.objects.all()
    return animals