导语 生产环境中使用paramiko作SSH远程控制时,发现会有部分机器报Error reading SSH protocol banner错误,尝试使用ssh命令连接此机器,只是卡半天,最终还是能够正常登陆。
最近一直做运维发布平台,底层命令行、文件通道主要基于paramiko模块,使用过程中遇到各种各样的问题,本文主要用于收集问题及解决记录,以备后续使用。
这个关键词,在百度、谷歌一搜一大把的提问,也有少部分给出了解决方案,但是最终都无法解决,我经过不断尝试和解读paramiko源码,终于搞定了这个问题,在此记录分享下。
1、具体报错信息:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/paramiko/client.py", line 307, in connect
File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/paramiko/transport.py", line 465, in start_client
paramiko.SSHException: Error reading SSH protocol banner
2、解决办法:
重新下载paramiko插件源码,解压后,编辑安装目录下的transport.py文件:
vim build/lib/paramiko/transport.py
搜索 self.banner_timeout 关键词,并将其参数改大即可,比如改为300s:
self.banner_timeout = 300
最后,重装paramiko即可。
3、下面的曲折、啰嗦的解决过程,不喜请跳过:
在谷歌搜到一个老外相关提问,虽然他说的是pysftp,其实也是基于paramiko:
他最后给出了他的解决方案:
UPDATE: It seems the problem is caused by importing the package grequests. If I do not import grequests, pysftp works as expected. The issue was raised before but has not been solved
意思是,在paramiko使用前,先import grequests,就能解决问题。我照做之后,发现对手头的现网环境无效,可能错误产生的原因不一样。
但是,我从老外的问题描述过程中,找到了解决方法,他是这样说的:
I have already tried changing the banner timeout from 15 seconds to 60 secs in the transport.py, but it did not solve the problem.
我看到有个timeout和transport.py,就想到现网那些报Error reading SSH protocol banner错误的机器也是非常卡,而且目测了下发起paramiko连接到报错的时间,基本是相同的。
于是系统中搜索,并找到了transport.py这个文件:
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/transport.py
并搜了下banner,发现果然有一个参数设置,而且和目测的超时基本一致!
于是,顺手修改成300S,并重新测试发现没任何效果,依然15S超时。接着打断点、直接移走这个问题,问题依旧!!看来这个文件不会被引用。。。
回到最初的报错信息,发现里面显示的是:
build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/paramiko/transport.py
而系统里面搜不到这个问题,最后醍醐灌顶,发觉Python模块编译后,基本是以egg文件保存的,看来 必须修改源码才行了。
于是cd到paramiko的源码目录,执行搜索,找到2各transport.py文件:
[root@localhost:/data/software/paramiko-1.9]# find . -name transport.py
./paramiko/transport.py
./build/lib/paramiko/transport.py
尝试将文件中的 self.banner_timeout 值改成300,重新安装paramiko,结果一次性测试成功!
我写的远程命令通道上线之后,发现在远程脚本中后台再执行另一个脚本,通道会一直等待后台脚本执行完成才会返回,有时甚至会僵死。
1、复现过程如下:
①、编写测试脚本
脚本1:test.sh
#!/bin/bash
sleep 30
echo test end
exit 0
脚本2:run.sh
#!/bin/bash
bash /tmp/test.sh &
echo run ok!
exit 0
脚本3:test.py
import paramiko
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
client.connect(hostname='192.168.1.10', port=22, username='root', password='123456', timeout=300,allow_agent=False,look_for_keys=False)
stdin,stdout,stderr=client.exec_command("bash /tmp/run.sh")
result_info = ""
for line in stdout.readlines():
result_info += line
print result_info
将test.sh和run.sh传到远程服务器上,比如放到192.168.1.10:/tmp/下。
②、发起远程执行
在本地执行 python test.py,会发现整个脚本不会立即打印run ok,而是等30s之后才打印包括test.sh的所有输出信息。
2、解决办法
将远程脚本的标准输出stdout重定向到错误输出stderr即可,test.py 修改如下:
import paramiko
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
client.connect(hostname='192.168.1.10', port=22, username='root', password='123456', timeout=300,allow_agent=False,look_for_keys=False)
stdin,stdout,stderr=client.exec_command("bash /tmp/run.sh 1>&2")
result_info = ""
for line in stderr.readlines():
result_info += line
print result_info
现在执行,就能立即得到结果了。其实原因很简单,因为bash /tmp/test.sh & 虽然是后台执行,但是依然会产生标准输出,一旦产生标准输出,paramiko就会认为命令还未执行完成,且stdout的buffer大于stderr,因此产生等待问题。
这里只要将脚本执行的标准输出重定向到错误输出(1>&2),然后paramiko就可以使用stderr快速读取远程打屏信息了。
这次扩容一个基于pramiko的自动化apiserver,结果发现在新环境执行远程命令或文件传输时,抛了如下报错:
2017-08-04 12:38:31,243 [ERROR] Exception: Error reading SSH protocol banner('This operation would block forever', <Hub at 0x38b02d0 epoll pending=0 ref=0 fileno=28>)
2017-08-04 12:38:31,244 [ERROR] Traceback (most recent call last):
2017-08-04 12:38:31,244 [ERROR] File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/paramiko/transport.py", line 1555, in run
2017-08-04 12:38:31,245 [ERROR] self._check_banner()
2017-08-04 12:38:31,245 [ERROR] File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/paramiko/transport.py", line 1681, in _check_banner
2017-08-04 12:38:31,245 [ERROR] raise SSHException('Error reading SSH protocol banner' + str(x))
2017-08-04 12:38:31,245 [ERROR] SSHException: Error reading SSH protocol banner('This operation would block forever', <Hub at 0x38b02d0 epoll pending=0 ref=0 fileno=28>)
2017-08-04 12:38:31,245 [ERROR]
2017-08-04 12:38:31,247 [INFO] Error reading SSH protocol banner('This operation would block forever', <Hub at 0x38b02d0 epoll pending=0 ref=0 fileno=28>)
总以为是python组件安装有问题,反反复复检查,最终发现居然是多装了一个插件导致的!
解决办法:
删除已经安装 greenlet插件即可,具体原因见后文:
rm -r /usr/local/python2.7.5/lib/python2.7/site-packages/greenlet*
下面是"艰难险阻"的解决过程,不喜勿看:
1、看到报错,作为懒人第一时间就搜了下 【This operation would block forever', <Hub】这个关键词,发现没能get到解决方案。
2、按照经验,我先找到图中 _check_banner 函数如下:
def _check_banner(self):
# this is slow, but we only have to do it once
for i in range(100):
# give them 15 seconds for the first line, then just 2 seconds
# each additional line. (some sites have very high latency.)
if i == 0:
timeout = self.banner_timeout
else:
timeout = 2
try:
buf = self.packetizer.readline(timeout)
except ProxyCommandFailure:
raise
except Exception, x:
raise SSHException('Error reading SSH protocol banner' + str(x))
if buf[:4] == 'SSH-':
break
self._log(DEBUG, 'Banner: ' + buf)
if buf[:4] != 'SSH-':
raise SSHException('Indecipherable protocol version "' + buf + '"')
# save this server version string for later
self.remote_version = buf
# pull off any attached comment
comment = ''
i = string.find(buf, ' ')
if i >= 0:
comment = buf[i+1:]
buf = buf[:i]
# parse out version string and make sure it matches
segs = buf.split('-', 2)
if len(segs) < 3:
raise SSHException('Invalid SSH banner')
version = segs[1]
client = segs[2]
if version != '1.99' and version != '2.0':
raise SSHException('Incompatible version (%s instead of 2.0)' % (version,))
self._log(INFO, 'Connected (version %s, client %s)' % (version, client))
3、很明显这个异常由 buf = self.packetizer.readline(timeout) 语句抛出,我印象中的粗暴定位方法就是不使用try,直接将此语句执行看看:
def _check_banner(self):
# this is slow, but we only have to do it once
for i in range(100):
# give them 15 seconds for the first line, then just 2 seconds
# each additional line. (some sites have very high latency.)
if i == 0:
timeout = self.banner_timeout
else:
timeout = 2
buf = self.packetizer.readline(timeout) # 不使用try,看看是从哪出来的异常
try:
buf = self.packetizer.readline(timeout)
except ProxyCommandFailure:
raise
....
结果报错信息就更加具体了,如下所示:
2017-08-04 13:23:26,085 [ERROR] Unknown exception: ('This operation would block forever', <Hub at 0x20390f0 epoll pending=0 ref=0 fileno=27>)
2017-08-04 13:23:26,087 [ERROR] Traceback (most recent call last):
2017-08-04 13:23:26,088 [ERROR] File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/paramiko/transport.py", line 1555, in run
2017-08-04 13:23:26,088 [ERROR] self._check_banner()
2017-08-04 13:23:26,088 [ERROR] File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/paramiko/transport.py", line 1676, in _check_banner
2017-08-04 13:23:26,088 [ERROR] buf = self.packetizer.readline(timeout)
2017-08-04 13:23:26,088 [ERROR] File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/paramiko/packet.py", line 280, in readline
2017-08-04 13:23:26,088 [ERROR] buf += self._read_timeout(timeout)
2017-08-04 13:23:26,088 [ERROR] File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/paramiko/packet.py", line 468, in _read_timeout
2017-08-04 13:23:26,089 [ERROR] x = self.__socket.recv(128)
2017-08-04 13:23:26,089 [ERROR] File "/usr/local/python2.7.5/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gevent-1.1.2-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/gevent/_socket2.py", line 280, in recv
2017-08-04 13:23:26,089 [ERROR] self._wait(self._read_event)
2017-08-04 13:23:26,089 [ERROR] File "/usr/local/python2.7.5/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gevent-1.1.2-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/gevent/_socket2.py", line 179, in _wait
2017-08-04 13:23:26,089 [ERROR] self.hub.wait(watcher)
2017-08-04 13:23:26,089 [ERROR] File "/usr/local/python2.7.5/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gevent-1.1.2-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/gevent/hub.py", line 630, in wait
2017-08-04 13:23:26,089 [ERROR] result = waiter.get()
2017-08-04 13:23:26,089 [ERROR] File "/usr/local/python2.7.5/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gevent-1.1.2-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/gevent/hub.py", line 878, in get
2017-08-04 13:23:26,090 [ERROR] return self.hub.switch()
2017-08-04 13:23:26,090 [ERROR] File "/usr/local/python2.7.5/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gevent-1.1.2-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/gevent/hub.py", line 609, in switch
2017-08-04 13:23:26,090 [ERROR] return greenlet.switch(self)
2017-08-04 13:23:26,090 [ERROR] LoopExit: ('This operation would block forever', <Hub at 0x20390f0 epoll pending=0 ref=0 fileno=27>)
2017-08-04 13:23:26,090 [ERROR]
2017-08-04 13:23:26,093 [INFO] ('This operation would block forever', <Hub at 0x20390f0 epoll pending=0 ref=0 fileno=27>)
这次基本就定位到了gevent和greenlet这个真凶了!本以为是我的apiserver调用了gevent,结果定位了半天,确定并没有使用。而且印象中paramiko这个插件也没用到gevent,可这异常是怎么来的?
直到我再次在谷歌搜索【LoopExit: ('This operation would block forever', <Hub at】关键词,找到一个博客文章:http://www.hongquan.me/?p=178,总算知道是什么原因了!
具体原因:主要是因为 greenlet 里面有个run函数,覆盖了 paramiko 的transport.py 里面的同名函数,导致paramiko执行_check_banner时,实际调用了greenlet的run函数,因此报错!再次醉了!
原创声明:本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表,未经许可,不得转载。
如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。
原创声明:本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表,未经许可,不得转载。
如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。