云中漫步，做个公众号方便生活、取悦自己

fdisk -l
fdisk /dev/vdb  -- 这里有一系列交互式命令
mkfs.ext3 /dev/vdb1
mount /dev/vdb1 /data
cat /etc/fstab
echo '/dev/vdb1 /data ext3 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab

yum install nginx
yum install uwsgi
yum install uwsgi-plugin-python
yum install python-devel
yum install MySQL-python
yum install memcached
yum install Python-memcached

// 此命令需要完成django安装后才能使用
django-admin.py startproject wx_website
/* 
项目的目录结构如下，其中
apps目录存放下午茶对应的app工程
conf目录存放项目相关的配置文件
lib目录存放公共库
media、static、templates目录存放资源和模版文件
op目录存放网站操作脚本
*/
ll wx_website
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jan 16 22:20 apps
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 23 21:13 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  2 02:05 lib
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  253 Nov 19 14:15 manage.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  418 Nov 26 08:20 manage.pyc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 15 22:26 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 16 08:06 op
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Feb 10 17:05 static
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 25 15:34 templates
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar  4 10:14 wx_website
// 调试模式启动，监听分配的公网ip 14.249.22.158上的8000端口
python manage.py runserver 14.249.22.158:8000

* 在conf目录下创建以下3个文件，分别为uwsgi和nginx的配置文件

ll conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  253 Nov 19 14:15 uwsgi.ini
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  664 Nov 19 14:15 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1157 Feb 23 21:13 wx_website_nginx.conf

uwsgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
uwsgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
uwsgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
uwsgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
uwsgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
uwsgi_param  PATH_INFO          $document_uri;
uwsgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
uwsgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
uwsgi_param  REQUEST_SCHEME     $scheme;
uwsgi_param  HTTPS              $https if_not_empty;
uwsgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
uwsgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
uwsgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
uwsgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

[uwsgi]
socket = /var/run/uwsgi/uwsgi.sock
master = true
# 步骤1中创建的wx_website项目的绝对路径
pythonpath = /data/website/wx_website
chdir = /data/website/wx_website
module = wx_website.wsgi
processes = 4
# 日志所在的目录一定要先创建好
daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi/uwsgi.log
plugins = python

worker_processes  4;
# 日志和pid所在的目录一定要先创建好
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
  include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;
  log_format   main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]  $status '
    '"$request" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    # 日志目录要先创建好
  access_log   /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
  sendfile     on;
  upstream django {
      # 对应uwsgi.ini中配置的socket文件路径
    server unix:///var/run/uwsgi/uwsgi.sock;
    # server 127.0.0.1:8000;
  }
  server {
    listen      80;
    server_name 14.249.22.158;
    charset     utf-8;
    client_max_body_size 10M;
    location /media  {
        alias /data/website/wx_website/media;
    }
    location /static {
        alias /data/website/wx_website/static;
    }
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /data/website/wx_website/conf/uwsgi_params;
    }
  }
}

* 启动nginx

# step1：验证配置文件是否正确
nginx -t -c /data/website/wx_website/conf/wx_website_nginx.conf
# step2：步骤1显示successful后，启动nginx
nginx -t -c /data/website/wx_website/conf/wx_website_nginx.conf
# 后续修改nginx配置并验证成功后，用此命令使新配置生效
nginx -s reload

#!/bin/bash
# 这里为上文中uwsgi.ini的全路径
uwsgi_ini_path=/data/website/wx_website/conf/uwsgi.ini
if [ ! -n "$1" ]
then
        echo "Usages: sh uwsgiserver.sh [start|stop|restart]"
        exit 0
fi
if [ $1 = start ]
then
        psid=`ps aux | grep "uwsgi" | grep -v "grep" | wc -l`
        echo "psid:"$psid
        if [ $psid -gt 4 ]
        then
                echo "uwsgi is running!"
                exit 0
        else
                uwsgi $uwsgi_ini_path
                echo "Start uwsgi service [OK]"
        fi
elif [ $1 = stop ];then
        killall -9 uwsgi
        echo "Stop uwsgi service [OK]"
elif [ $1 = restart ];then
        killall -9 uwsgi
        uwsgi $uwsgi_ini_path
        echo "Restart uwsgi service [OK]"
else
        echo "Usages: sh uwsgiserver.sh [start|stop|restart]"
fi

# 启动uwsgi
sh uwsgiserver.sh start
# 重启uwsgi
sh uwsgiserver.sh restart

/var/log/nginx/access.log
/var/log/nginx/error.log
/var/log/uwsgi/uwsgi.log

python manage.py startapp happytea

mv happytea/ apps/
ll /data/website/wx_website/apps/happytea
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root     0 Jan 16 22:19 __init__.py
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   838 Feb 17 00:09 admin.py
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root  1762 Feb 15 21:47 models.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   162 Feb 12 13:25 urls.py
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 29199 Mar 24 22:10 views.py

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'django_crontab',
# 添加新创建的app
    'apps.happytea'
)

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.web_root_index),
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
# 将/happytea/路径下请求路由到app的url定义文件中
    url(r'^happytea/', include('apps.happytea.urls', namespace="happytea")),
]

urlpatterns = [
# 将/happytea/wxmp/路径下的消息路由到 views中wxmp函数处理
    url(r'^wxmp/$', views.wxmp, name='wxmp'),
]

1. 公众号token的维护与更新

2. 验证消息是否鉴权通过

3. 微信xml消息解析与封装

# 保存新的token和过期时间，覆盖原来保存的
def set_wx_token_func(newtoken, expires_at):
    # 直接使用django的模型保存
    token.update_token(newtoken, expires_at)
#
# 获取当前保存的token和过期时间（之前通过set_wx_token_func中保存的）
def get_wx_token_func():
    last_token = token.get_token_by_wxid(wx_id)
    return (str(last_token.token), last_token.expires_at)

# 公众号的配置信息
# access_token_getfunc和access_token_setfunc为前一步定义的两个函数
conf = WechatConf(token=apptoken, appid=appid, appsecret=appsecret,
                  encrypt_mode='normal', encoding_aes_key=appaeskey,
                  access_token_getfunc=get_wx_token_func,
                  access_token_setfunc=set_wx_token_func,
                  access_token_refreshfunc=None)
wechat = WechatBasic(conf=conf)

      # 1，解析3个请求鉴权参数
    signature = request.GET.get('signature')
    timestamp = request.GET.get('timestamp')
    nonce = request.GET.get('nonce')

    # 2、通过sdk提供的check_signature接口验证消息是否鉴权通过
    if not wechat.check_signature(signature, timestamp, nonce):
        logger.info('check_signature fail')
        return HttpResponseForbidden()

    # 3、如果是http-get方法，说明是平台配置验证，返回echostr参数的值即可；
    #    如果是http-post，则说明微信公众平台转发的用户命令消息，进一步处理
    if request.method == 'GET':
        echostr = request.GET.get('echostr')
        logger.info('wx reg succ')
        return HttpResponse(echostr)
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        return handler_wxmp_req(request.body)

* 解析微信转发的xml请求，提取发送用户id、消息类型、消息内容

# 1、解析xml消息
    try:
        wechat.parse_data(body)
    except ParseError:
        logger.error('parse wx_msg fail, msg: ' + body)
        return HttpResponseBadRequest()

    # 2、得到发送消息的用户id、消息类型、消息内容
    userid = wechat.message.source # 用户id
    msg = wechat.message 
    if isinstance(msg, TextMessage): # 消息类型
        txt = wechat.message.content   # 消息文本

* 将要回复的文本消息封装为微信公众号xml响应

# 解析命令文本，判断格式是否正确
   (ret, expinfo) = parse_add_expense(txt)
   if not ret:
        content = '您输入的格式有误'
                # 将返回的文本内容（content）封装为xml响应文本
                # response_text方法返回的是一个xml文本
                # 将此文本作为http-body返回给微信公众平台即可
        return wechat.response_text(content=content)

    # 得到用户发送的文本（已完成微信xml请求的解析）
    txt = wechat.message.content.strip()
    # 根据请求中的用户id查询用户信息
    user = User.get_user_by_openid(wechat.message.source)
    # 如果命令文本是‘2’，说明是要查询用户状态
    if txt == '2':
        # 得到用户的状态信息文本
        content = gen_user_info(user)
                # 将要返回给用户的文本结果封装为xml响应文本
        rspxml = wechat.response_text(content=content)
                # 将xml响应文本作为http响应的body返回给公众平台
                return HttpResponse(rspxml)

pip install qcloud_cos_v4

# 导入cos-sdk
from qcloud_cos import CosClient
from qcloud_cos import UploadFileRequest
# 通过appid、secretid、secretkey，cos-region（bucket的地域）
# 创建一个CosClient实例
os_client = CosClient(settings.COS_APPID, settings.COS_SECRET_ID,
                               settings.COS_SECRET_KEY, settings.COS_REGION)
# 创建一个上传文件请求，参数为：bucket名称、路径、文件路径
# 注意参数的类型为unicode，不是string
cos_upload_req = UploadFileRequest(
            u'happytea', u'/' + filename.decode('utf8'), file_path.decode('utf8'))
# 设置上传时如果存在同名同路径文件，是否允许覆盖
cos_upload_req.set_insert_only(0)
# 通过client完成上传，并得到上传响应对象
cos_upload_rsp = cos_client.upload_file(cos_upload_req)
# 判断响应（json对象）的‘code’值是否等于0
# 0：上传cos成功，非0：失败
if cos_upload_rsp['code'] != 0:
    raise Exception('cos upload fail, info:{}'.format(cos_upload_rsp['message']))